anatomy and psy 1

anatomy vs physiology

the study of body structures and the relationship among body parts

what would a anatomist study

bones of the skull, structure of the heart, muscles of the body

something a psychologist would study

how the heart pumps blood, how muscles contract, how nerves transmit signals

anatomy =

structure

physiology=

function

level of organization

smallest to largest chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level

integumentary system

protection, temperature, sensation

skeletal system

support, protection, blood cell production

nervous system

rapid communication, coordination, control

endocrine system

hormone production, regulation of body processes

cardiovascular system

transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, remove waste products

lymphatic system

imunity, fluid balance

respiratory system

oxygen intake, carbon dioxide removal

digestive system

breakdown of food, nutrient absorption

urinary system

waste removal, fluid balance

reproductive system

reproduction, production of sex hormones

proper anatomical position

standing upright, facing Foward, arms at side, palms facing forward, feet flat and forward

superior

towards the head

inferior

towards feet

anterior

front

posterior

back

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from midline

proximal

closer to attachment point

distal

farther from attachment point

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from surface

right and left

always refer the patients right and left not yours

unilateral

one side only

bilateral

both sides

ipsilateral

same side

contralateral

opposite sides

rostal

towards the nose or front of the brain

caudal

towards the tail or spinal cord

sagittal planes

divides the body into right and left portions

midsagittal plane

divides the body equal right and left halves

frontal plane

divides the body into front and back portions

traverse plane

divides body into upper and lower potions

cranial cavity

brain

veritable cavity

spinal cord

ventral cavity

heart, lungs

adbominopelvic cavity

digestive organs, reproductive organs, urinary organs

RUQ

right upper quadrant

LUQ

left upper quadrant

RLQ

right lower quadrant

LLQ

left lower quadrant

homostasis

the maintenance of stable internal environment

receptor

detects change

control center

process information and determine response

effector

carries the response

negative feedback

a mechanism that change and returns conditions to normal