Modern History and 21st-Century Challenges Practice Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the Salt March, Communist China, the Cold War, and modern global challenges like food security and sustainability.

Salt March

A peaceful protest led by Gandhi to oppose the British monopoly and heavy tax on salt by making salt from the ocean.

Indian National Congress

An organization whose early demands, if met by the British, might have led to a gradual transition into a peaceful self-governing territory for India.

Mao Zedong

A communist leader who believed revolution should be driven by poor rural peasants rather than urban factory workers.

Chinese Civil War

A conflict won by the Communists due to massive support from rural peasants, better military morale, and a highly disciplined army compared to the Nationalists.

Republic of China

The geographically tiny territory established by Chiang Kai-shek on the island of Taiwan.

People's Republic of China

The massive mainland territory established by the Communists after their victory in the Chinese Civil War.

Yalta Conference

The meeting where Roosevelt expressed his eagerness to form the United Nations to peacefully solve international conflicts and prevent future world wars.

United Nations

A powerful global organization intended to solve international conflicts peacefully and prevent future world wars.

Marshall Plan

A program that used massive American influence and funding to rebuild ruined economies and establish strong democratic allies in Europe.

U.S. Budgetary and Trade Deficits

Economic problems involving debts of trillions of dollars to foreign lenders, which can weaken the dollar and trigger inflation.

India's Political System

An open, democratic system that allows citizens to freely vote out corrupt leaders and protest for institutional change.

Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland

Former communist nations that joined the EU to gain economic stability, free trade, and democratic protections against Russian influence.

Solar Energy

A clean and abundant energy source for homes that faces roadblocks such as high upfront installation costs and weather dependency.

Green Building

An environmental protection practice that uses recycled construction materials, lowers toxic emissions, and utilizes solar power.

Syria

A country prone to pandemics due to its ongoing civil war, destroyed healthcare infrastructure, contaminated water supply, and overcrowded refugee camps.

Food Security

A state determined by factors such as reliable farming weather, affordable food prices, stable transportation networks, and advanced agricultural tools.

T.H. Culhane

A person whose approach to food security focuses on using urban biotechnology to recycle organic waste into energy and food.

Jerry Glover

A person whose approach to food security focuses on large-scale agricultural science by breeding perennial crops with deep roots to protect farming soil.