Respiratory System

Inspiration

breathing in (exchange of gases between blood and tissue)

expiration

breathing out (exchange beteween of glasses between air and blood)

anatomy of the nose

upper part of respiratory tract, contains 2 nasal cavities, lines by mucous membrane

the nose functions

warms air(heat from vessels), cleanses air(with hair and mucus), humidifies air(wet surfaces of membrane)

olfactory receptors

top of nasal cavity, responsible for sense of smell

lacrimal glands

tear glands, drain into nasal cavity, connects eye to nose

3 divisions of pharnyx

nasopharnyx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

pharynx

tube that carries air, food, liquids (tube that slips into trachea and esophagus)

vocal cords in larynx

-folds of mucosa membrane

-glottis opening between vocal chords

-vinbrates during exhalation allowing creation of sounds

epiglottis

flap of muscle that prevents food from entering the trachea, and swallowing)

Trachea anatomy

-connects larynx with primary bronchi

-supported by c-shaped cartilage rings (keeps trachea open)

-lined with pseudo-stratified; columnar epitheilal tissue

surfactant function

it allows the lungs to expand and let o2 in and out. It reduces surface tension, preventing the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation

tracheotomy

artificial opening to open airway

bronchial tree anatomy

right and left primary bronchi, then leads to smaller bronchi (secondary+inside each)) and leads into bronchioles

-lacks cartilage rings

-when inhaling walls become thinner

-lobular - terminal - respiratory

bronchial tree