07. Wildlife and Ecotourism

artificial material /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl məˈtɪəriəl/ (n)

vật liệu nhân tạo (được con người tạo ra thay vì có sẵn trong tự nhiên). Ex: (1) The toy is made of artificial material. (2) Many artificial materials take a long time to decompose in nature.

ecosystem variety /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm vəˈraɪəti/ (n)

sự đa dạng hệ sinh thái (sự tồn tại của nhiều hệ sinh thái khác nhau). Ex: (1) The region has great ecosystem variety. (2) Ecosystem variety helps support a wide range of species.

monoculture /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃə(r)/ (n)

độc canh (chỉ trồng hoặc nuôi một loài duy nhất trên diện rộng). Ex: (1) The farm practices monoculture. (2) Monoculture can reduce biodiversity and increase vulnerability to disease.

house /haʊz/ (v)

cung cấp nơi ở, chứa đựng. Ex: (1) The building houses many animals. (2) The forest houses numerous rare species.

shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ (v)

che chở, cung cấp nơi trú ẩn. Ex: (1) Trees shelter birds. (2) Mangrove forests shelter coastal wildlife from harsh weather.

forest clearance /ˈfɒrɪst ˈkliərəns/ (n)

việc chặt phá rừng để lấy đất sử dụng. Ex: (1) Forest clearance is increasing. (2) Large-scale forest clearance threatens biodiversity.

afforestation /əˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ (n)

sự trồng rừng. Ex: (1) The country promotes afforestation. (2) Afforestation helps restore degraded ecosystems.

habitat loss /ˈhæbɪtæt lɒs/ (n)

sự mất môi trường sống. Ex: (1) Habitat loss affects animals. (2) Urban expansion is a major cause of habitat loss.

destruction of habitat /dɪˈstrʌkʃn əv ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n)

sự phá hủy môi trường sống. Ex: (1) The destruction of habitat is alarming. (2) Illegal logging leads to the destruction of habitat for many species.

inhabitants /ɪnˈhæbɪtənts/ (n)

cư dân, sinh vật sinh sống trong một khu vực. Ex: (1) The island has few inhabitants. (2) The forest's inhabitants include birds, mammals, and reptiles.

depopulation /diːˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃn/ (n)

sự suy giảm dân số. Ex: (1) The village faces depopulation. (2) Depopulation can alter local ecosystems and land use patterns.

invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ (adj)

xâm lấn (thường dùng cho loài ngoại lai gây hại). Ex: (1) The plant is invasive. (2) Invasive species often outcompete native wildlife.

intrusive /ɪnˈtruːsɪv/ (adj)

gây xâm phạm, làm phiền. Ex: (1) The noise is intrusive. (2) Intrusive tourism activities can disturb wildlife.

aggressive /əˈɡresɪv/ (adj)

hung hăng, hiếu chiến. Ex: (1) The dog became aggressive. (2) Some aggressive species dominate local ecosystems.

unlawful /ʌnˈlɔːfl/ (adj)

bất hợp pháp. Ex: (1) The activity is unlawful. (2) Unlawful hunting threatens endangered animals.

stalk /stɔːk/ (v)

rình rập, theo dõi con mồi. Ex: (1) The lion stalked its prey. (2) Predators often stalk animals before attacking.

non-native species /ˌnɒn ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːʃiːz/ (n)

loài ngoại lai (không có nguồn gốc tại khu vực đó). Ex: (1) The lake contains non-native species. (2) Non-native species may disrupt local ecosystems.

native species /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːʃiːz/ (n)

loài bản địa. Ex: (1) The park protects native species. (2) Native species are adapted to local environmental conditions.

indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ (adj)

bản địa, có nguồn gốc tự nhiên tại một khu vực. Ex: (1) The plant is indigenous to the region. (2) Indigenous wildlife plays an important role in ecosystem health.

ecological balance /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈbæləns/ (n)

cân bằng sinh thái. Ex: (1) Ecological balance is essential. (2) Predators help maintain ecological balance in nature.

environmental stability /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl stəˈbɪləti/ (n)

sự ổn định môi trường. Ex: (1) Environmental stability is important. (2) Forests contribute significantly to environmental stability.

ecological disruption /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ (n)

sự xáo trộn sinh thái. Ex: (1) The flood caused ecological disruption. (2) Invasive species can trigger ecological disruption.

predator /ˈpredətə(r)/ (n)

động vật săn mồi. Ex: (1) The wolf is a predator. (2) Apex predators regulate prey populations in ecosystems.

carnivore /ˈkɑːnɪvɔː(r)/ (n)

động vật ăn thịt. Ex: (1) A tiger is a carnivore. (2) Carnivores occupy higher levels of the food chain.

threat /θret/ (n)

mối đe dọa. Ex: (1) Pollution is a threat. (2) Climate change poses a serious threat to biodiversity.

oceanic /ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk/ (adj)

thuộc đại dương. Ex: (1) They study oceanic life. (2) Oceanic ecosystems support countless marine species.

spawning ground /ˈspɔːnɪŋ ɡraʊnd/ (n)

khu vực sinh sản của cá hoặc sinh vật thủy sinh. Ex: (1) The river is a spawning ground. (2) Pollution can damage important spawning grounds.

non-breeding zone /ˌnɒn ˈbriːdɪŋ zəʊn/ (n)

khu vực không sinh sản. Ex: (1) The birds migrate to a non-breeding zone. (2) Many species spend winter in non-breeding zones.

exposed /ɪkˈspəʊzd/ (adj)

dễ bị ảnh hưởng, không được bảo vệ. Ex: (1) The nest was exposed. (2) Exposed habitats are vulnerable to extreme weather.

resilient /rɪˈzɪliənt/ (adj)

có khả năng phục hồi tốt. Ex: (1) The species is resilient. (2) Resilient ecosystems recover quickly after disturbances.

at risk /ət rɪsk/ (adj)

có nguy cơ bị tổn hại hoặc biến mất. Ex: (1) Many animals are at risk. (2) Coral reefs are increasingly at risk due to warming oceans.

threatened /ˈθretnd/ (adj)

bị đe dọa (có nguy cơ suy giảm số lượng). Ex: (1) The species is threatened. (2) Several threatened animals are protected by law.

imperiled /ɪmˈperəld/ (adj)

nguy cấp, bị đe dọa nghiêm trọng. Ex: (1) The bird is imperiled. (2) Imperiled species require urgent conservation efforts.

thriving /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/ (adj)

phát triển mạnh, sinh sôi tốt. Ex: (1) The forest is thriving. (2) The reserve supports thriving populations of wildlife.

wildlife sanctuary /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈsæŋktʃuəri/ (n)

khu bảo tồn động vật hoang dã. Ex: (1) We visited a wildlife sanctuary. (2) The wildlife sanctuary protects endangered species from hunting.

reproduce /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ (v)

sinh sản. Ex: (1) Rabbits reproduce quickly. (2) Many species reproduce during specific seasons of the year.

procreate /ˈprəʊkrieɪt/ (v)

sinh con, duy trì nòi giống. Ex: (1) Animals procreate naturally. (2) Most organisms must procreate to ensure the survival of their species.

die out /daɪ aʊt/ (phr v)

tuyệt chủng, biến mất hoàn toàn. Ex: (1) Many species may die out. (2) Some animals could die out if conservation efforts fail.

vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ (v)

biến mất. Ex: (1) The bird vanished quickly. (2) Traditional habitats are vanishing due to urban development.

excess /ɪkˈses/ (n)

sự dư thừa, quá mức. Ex: (1) There is an excess of waste. (2) Excess fertilizer can damage aquatic ecosystems.

shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ (v)

thu hẹp, co lại. Ex: (1) The lake is shrinking. (2) Wildlife habitats continue to shrink because of deforestation.

fade /feɪd/ (v)

mờ dần, suy yếu dần. Ex: (1) The color faded. (2) Public interest in conservation may fade over time.

existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ (n)

sự tồn tại. Ex: (1) Their existence is threatened. (2) The existence of rare species depends on habitat protection.

endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ (n)

sức chịu đựng, khả năng tồn tại lâu dài. Ex: (1) Running requires endurance. (2) Camels are known for their endurance in harsh environments.

countless /ˈkaʊntləs/ (adj)

vô số. Ex: (1) There are countless stars. (2) Countless animals rely on forests for survival.

innumerable /ɪˈnjuːmərəbl/ (adj)

vô số, không đếm xuể. Ex: (1) They faced innumerable challenges. (2) The reef supports innumerable marine organisms.

infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/ (adj)

vô hạn. Ex: (1) Space seems infinite. (2) Natural resources are not infinite despite human demand.

few /fjuː/ (adj/pron)

ít, rất ít. Ex: (1) Few people attended. (2) Few rhinos remain in the wild today.

exploitation /ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ (n)

sự khai thác (thường quá mức hoặc không công bằng). Ex: (1) The exploitation of workers is wrong. (2) Overexploitation of natural resources harms biodiversity.

utilization /ˌjuːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n)

sự sử dụng, tận dụng. Ex: (1) Resource utilization is important. (2) Efficient utilization of water reduces environmental pressure.

misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːs/ (n)

sự sử dụng sai mục đích. Ex: (1) The misuse of medicine is dangerous. (2) Misuse of pesticides can damage ecosystems.

pollination /ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃn/ (n)

sự thụ phấn. Ex: (1) Bees help with pollination. (2) Pollination is essential for many crops and wild plants.

fertilization /ˌfɜːtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n)

sự thụ tinh; sự bón phân. Ex: (1) Fertilization occurs naturally. (2) Successful fertilization increases crop production.

decomposition /ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ (n)

sự phân hủy. Ex: (1) Leaves undergo decomposition. (2) Decomposition returns nutrients to the soil.

breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ (n)

sự phân hủy; sự hỏng hóc. Ex: (1) The machine had a breakdown. (2) The breakdown of organic matter enriches the soil.

preservation /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ (n)

sự bảo tồn. Ex: (1) Preservation is necessary. (2) The preservation of wetlands benefits wildlife.

scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/ (adj)

có phong cảnh đẹp. Ex: (1) The route is scenic. (2) The island is famous for its scenic coastline.

tropical rainforest /ˌtrɒpɪkl ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ (n)

rừng mưa nhiệt đới. Ex: (1) The tropical rainforest is rich in life. (2) Tropical rainforests contain exceptional biodiversity.

agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ (n)

nông nghiệp. Ex: (1) Agriculture supports the economy. (2) Sustainable agriculture helps protect natural resources.

farming /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ (n)

nghề nông, hoạt động canh tác. Ex: (1) Farming is common here. (2) Modern farming techniques improve productivity.

demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/ (v)

phá hủy, đập bỏ. Ex: (1) They demolished the building. (2) Illegal activities demolished important wildlife habitats.

disappearance /ˌdɪsəˈpɪərəns/ (n)

sự biến mất. Ex: (1) The disappearance shocked everyone. (2) The disappearance of key species affects ecosystems.

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n)

sự tuyệt chủng. Ex: (1) Dinosaurs faced extinction. (2) Conservation programs aim to prevent extinction.

golden apple snail /ˌɡəʊldən ˈæpl snaɪl/ (n)

ốc bươu vàng. Ex: (1) The golden apple snail spreads quickly. (2) Golden apple snails damage rice crops in many regions.

initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ (adv)

ban đầu. Ex: (1) Initially, I disagreed. (2) The project initially focused on education.

food security /fuːd sɪˈkjʊərəti/ (n)

an ninh lương thực. Ex: (1) Food security is important. (2) Climate change threatens global food security.

rhino /ˈraɪnəʊ/ (n)

tê giác. Ex: (1) We saw a rhino. (2) Poachers target rhinos for their horns.

rhinoceros /raɪˈnɒsərəs/ (n)

tê giác. Ex: (1) The rhinoceros is endangered. (2) Conservation efforts help protect rhinoceroses from poaching.

critically /ˈkrɪtɪkli/ (adv)

một cách nghiêm trọng. Ex: (1) He was critically injured. (2) Some species are critically endangered.

mildly /ˈmaɪldli/ (adv)

hơi, ở mức độ nhẹ. Ex: (1) She was mildly surprised. (2) The area was only mildly affected by pollution.

urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ (adj)

khẩn cấp. Ex: (1) This is urgent. (2) Urgent action is needed to protect endangered wildlife.

immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ (adj)

ngay lập tức. Ex: (1) We need immediate help. (2) Immediate intervention prevented further damage.

trivial /ˈtrɪviəl/ (adj)

không quan trọng, nhỏ nhặt. Ex: (1) The issue is trivial. (2) Compared with habitat loss, the problem is relatively trivial.

wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ (adj)

bị thương. Ex: (1) The bird was wounded. (2) Rangers rescued several wounded animals.

healed /hiːld/ (adj)

đã được chữa lành. Ex: (1) His leg has healed. (2) The rescued turtle was healed and released.

unscathed /ʌnˈskeɪðd/ (adj)

không hề hấn gì. Ex: (1) She escaped unscathed. (2) Fortunately, the animals emerged unscathed after the storm.

poacher /ˈpəʊtʃə(r)/ (n)

kẻ săn trộm động vật. Ex: (1) The poacher was arrested. (2) Poachers threaten many endangered species.

illegal hunter /ɪˈliːɡl ˈhʌntə(r)/ (n)

thợ săn trái phép. Ex: (1) The illegal hunter was caught. (2) Illegal hunters often target rare wildlife.

introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/ (n)

sự giới thiệu; sự du nhập. Ex: (1) The introduction was brief. (2) The introduction of invasive species can disrupt ecosystems.

regional /ˈriːdʒənəl/ (adj)

thuộc khu vực. Ex: (1) It is a regional issue. (2) Regional conservation programs protect biodiversity.

compete /kəmˈpiːt/ (v)

cạnh tranh. Ex: (1) They compete for prizes. (2) Animals compete for food and territory.

contend /kənˈtend/ (v)

cạnh tranh; đấu tranh với. Ex: (1) Several teams contend for victory. (2) Many species contend with habitat loss and climate change.

cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ (v)

hợp tác. Ex: (1) We should cooperate. (2) Countries must cooperate to address environmental challenges.

submerged /səbˈmɜːdʒd/ (adj)

chìm dưới nước. Ex: (1) The rock was submerged. (2) Submerged vegetation provides shelter for fish.

above water /əˌbʌv ˈwɔːtə(r)/ (phr)

trên mặt nước. Ex: (1) The duck stayed above water. (2) The leaves remained above water during the flood.

reproduce /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ (v)

sinh sản. Ex: (1) Rabbits reproduce quickly. (2) Many species reproduce seasonally.

procreation /ˌprəʊkriˈeɪʃn/ (n)

sự sinh sản. Ex: (1) Procreation is a natural process. (2) Environmental conditions influence animal procreation.

coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ (adj)

thuộc vùng ven biển. Ex: (1) It is a coastal town. (2) Coastal ecosystems support diverse wildlife.

seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/ (n/adj)

bờ biển; thuộc bờ biển. Ex: (1) We walked by the seaside. (2) The seaside village attracts many visitors.

delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ (adj)

mong manh, dễ tổn thương. Ex: (1) The flower is delicate. (2) Coral reefs are delicate ecosystems.

insensitive /ɪnˈsensətɪv/ (adj)

thờ ơ, thiếu quan tâm. Ex: (1) His comment was insensitive. (2) Insensitive human activities can harm wildlife.

littering /ˈlɪtərɪŋ/ (n)

xả rác bừa bãi. Ex: (1) Littering is prohibited. (2) Littering damages natural habitats.

dumping /ˈdʌmpɪŋ/ (n)

đổ thải, đổ bỏ chất thải. Ex: (1) Illegal dumping is common. (2) Waste dumping pollutes rivers and oceans.

anchoring /ˈæŋkərɪŋ/ (n)

thả neo. Ex: (1) Anchoring is allowed here. (2) Improper anchoring can damage coral reefs.

mooring /ˈmʊərɪŋ/ (n)

việc neo đậu. Ex: (1) Mooring is restricted. (2) The area has designated mooring zones for boats.

drifting /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/ (n/adj)

sự trôi dạt; đang trôi. Ex: (1) The boat was drifting. (2) Drifting plastic threatens marine animals.

dugong /ˈdjuːɡɒŋ/ (n)

cá cúi, bò biển. Ex: (1) The dugong feeds on seagrass. (2) Dugongs are vulnerable to habitat degradation.

sea cow /ˈsiː kaʊ/ (n)

bò biển (tên gọi khác của dugong hoặc manatee). Ex: (1) The sea cow is gentle. (2) Sea cows rely heavily on healthy seagrass beds.

clownfish /ˈklaʊnfɪʃ/ (n)

cá hề. Ex: (1) The clownfish is colorful. (2) Clownfish often live among sea anemones.

collapse /kəˈlæps/ (n/v)

sự sụp đổ; sụp đổ. Ex: (1) The bridge collapsed. (2) Ecosystem collapse can have severe consequences.