RAD Musculoskeletal & circulatory system diseases

An exaggerated inward curvature of the spine. Sometimes referred to as swayback or saddleback deformity

Lordosis

an abnormal outward curvature of the spine (convexity backward)

Kyphosis

lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. typically congenital, but some diseases also can cause it.

Scoliosis

Chronic pain condition associated w/ stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons and joints throughout the body

Fibromyalgia

Is a type of arthritis that results from the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of 1 or more joints

Osteoarthritis

Is an infectious disease caused by the ticks bite into the skin injecting bacterium from their gut into the human body when securing a blood meal. Can affect skin, joints, heart & nervous system.

Lyme Disease

Is a serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment

Osteomyelitis

Disorder of uric acid metabolism that manifest as an acute, episodic form of arthritis; chronic deposits of uric acid forming hard nodules in tissues; and/or kidney impairment or stones

Gout

Inflammation of a bursa

Bursitis

The partial or complete wasting away, shrinking or degeneration of a body part, tissue, or cell

Atrophy

the softening of bones in adults, typically caused by a severe deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate (defective mineralization)

Osteomalacia

Is an acute tear of a ligament. Classified as first, second, or third degree or grade

Sprain

Is an injury of a tendon, muscle, or other tissue resulting from overuse, overstretching, or excessive forcible stretching of the tissue beyond functional capacity

Strain

an injury where one or more of the four tendons stabilizing your shoulder joint detach partially or completely from the upper arm bone

Torn Rotator Cuff

what are the 4 tendons of the rotator cuff

infraspinatus → rotates humerus externally

subscapularis→ rotates humerus internally

supraspinatus

teres minor

A bunion is a localized area of enlargement of the inner portion of the first MTP joint at the base of the big toe

Hallux Valgus (bunion)

Is a forcible displacement of a bone from its joint, thereby causing loss of joint function

Dislocation

Is a condition in which a shoulder is significantly limited in its ROM as a result of inflammation, thickening, and shrinkage of the capsule that surrounds the normal shoulder joint

Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Broken bones are caused by stress on the bone resulting from traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system, severe muscle spasm or bone disease

Simple and pathologic fracture

Is a stiff big toe that develops as a result of degeneration of the cartilage of the first MTP joints

Hallux Rigidus

Abnormally fast resting heart beat defined as more than 100 beats per minute (bpm)

tachycardia

a type of arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) where an adult’s resting heart rate falls below 60 beats per minute (BPM)

Bradycardia

The overlying skin is intact during a fracture

closed or simple fracture

the skin overlying the bone ends is not intact

open or compound fracture

the fracture extends along the length of bone

longitudinal fracture

The fracture is at right angles to the axis of the bone

Transverse fracture

the fracture extends in an oblique direction

oblique fracture

The fracture is on one side of the bone & the other side is bent

Greenstick fracture

The bone is splintered or crushed

Comminuted fracture

The fractured ends of the bone are driven into each other

Impacted fracture

The fracture results from the weakinng of the bone by disease

Pathologic fracture

The bone ends remain in aligment

Nondisplaced fracture

The bones ends are out of aligment

Displaced fracture

The fracture results from a twisting mechanism, causing the break to wind around the bone in a spiral

Spiral fracture

Excessive pressure causes the bone to collapse

Compression fracture

The tearing away of a muscle or a ligamnet is accompanied by tearing away of a bone fragment

Avulsion

Bone fragments of the skull are driven inward

Depression fracture

Is the death of myocardial tissue caused by the ischemia (a restriction in blood supply to tissues or organs)

Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)

Is the sudden unexpected cessation of cardiac activity

Cardiac arrest

heart conditions caused by years of unmanaged high blood pressure

Hypertensive heart disease

Acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body to meet the demands of homeostasis

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

The collapse of the cardiovascular system, including vasodilation and fluid shift accompanied by inefficient cardiac output

Shock

Is a weakening & resulting local dilation of the wall of an artery

Aneurysms

a group of cancers that start in the bone marrow and affect the blood-forming tissues. It causes an uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out healthy cells and hinder the body's ability to fight infections, transport oxygen, and clot blood

Leukemia

conditions that affect the network of vessels, nodes, and organs that transport lymph fluids, which is crucial for fighting infections and maintaining fluid balance

Lymphatic disease

Abnormal collection of lymph’s, usually in the extremities

Lymphedema

Results when the blood or blood products transfused has antibodies to the recipient’s RBC’s or the recipient has antibodies to the donor’s RBCs

Transfusion Incompatibility Reaction

Hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of clotting factors

Classic hemophilia (Hemophilia A)

Condition of simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis. It is a syndrome that occurs secondary to other diseases or dramatic events

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation