Unit 1 AOS 1 Health and Human developemtn

For exams

Health and Wellbeing

The state of an individual’s physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

Dimension of Health and Wellbeing:

Components that make up an individual’s overall health and well-being. The dimensions are physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual.

Physical Health and Wellbeing:

Relates to the state of the body and its functions, including the ability to perform daily tasks.

Characteristics:

: Well-functioning body systems and organs

: Ability to perform daily tasks

: Healthy body weight

: Absence of disease, injury, or illness.

Social Health and Wellbeing

Relates to the state and quality of an individual's relationships and interactions, including their ability to manage or adapt to different social situations.

Characteristics:

: Supportive network of friends

: Supportive and well-functioning family

: Effective communication with others

: Productive relationships with others.

Emotional Health and Well-being: Including characteristics

Relates to an individual’s ability to express their emotions and feelings in an appropriate way.

Characteristics:

: Having a high level of resilience

: Effectively express or manage emotional actions and reactions

: Recognise, understand and respond to emotional action and reactions.

Mental Health and Wellbeing

The state of well-being relating to the mind or brain, including the ability to think and process information.

Characteristics:

: Having high levels of confidence

: Having positive thought patterns

: Low levels of stress and anxiety

: The ability to think and process information

Spiritual Health and Wellbeing

The state of well-being relating to beliefs, values, and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings.

Characteristics:

: Having a sense of belonging to the world

: Having peace and hope

: Acting according to values and beliefs.

: Having positive meaning, purpose and place in life.

Prerequisites for health:

Peace, shelter, education, food, income, social justice, equity, sustainable ecosystem, sustainable resources.

WHO Health Definition

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Subjective nature of health and wellbeing:

The way in which people’s view of health and wellbeing is influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings, experiences, or opinions.

Aboriginal Health and Wellbeing:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples view health and wellbeing using the dimensions of social, emotional, and cultural wellbeing of the whole community, rather than just the health of an individual. Their perspective places a strong importance on culture, family, community, and connection to country, which are considered essential for achieving positive health and wellbeing.

Health Status

An individual’s or populations overall level of health and well-being, taking into account various indicators.

Health indicators

Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status.

Health status indicators:

Self-assessed health status, life expectancy, mortality, Morbidity, Burden of Disease, Rates of hospitalisation, core activity limitation, psychological distress

Self-assessed health status:

Is based on an individual’s own perception of their health and wellbeing, relating to the dimensions.

It is classified into 5 levels: Excellent, very good, good, fair, poor

Life expectancy:

An indication of how long a person can live, it is the number of years of remaining life to a person at a particular age on average.

Mortality and Mortality rate:

Refers to the death in a population, in a given period.

Mortality rate: An indication of how many deaths occurred in a population in a given period, for a specific cause or all causes.

Years of Life Lost (YLL)

Used to measure mortality, it is the measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

Morbidity:

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill-health in a population or group.

ill health- illness or a health condition that affects an individual for a long time.

Years of life lived with disability (YLD):

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with disease, injury, or disability.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease/ condition in a population during a given period.

Prevalence

The total existing number of cases of a disease or condition present in a population.

Disability adjusted life years (DALY):

1 DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease, or injury.

: DALY is calculated by YLL+YLD

Burden of disease:

A measure of the total impact of diseases and injury in a given population. Specifically, it measure the gap between the current health status and the ideal situation where everyone lives long lives, free from the impacts of disease and injury. Measure in DALY

Rates of hospitilisation:

These are calculated by referring to hospital separations. How often people are admitted to hospital.

: A hospital separation is an episode of hospital care that starts with admission and ends at transfer, discharge, or death.

: Overall, the youth stage of the lifespan is characterised by relatively low levels of hospitalisations compared to other lifespan stages.

Core activity limitation:

Relates to three main areas of life.

: The areas of life are- Self care (showering), Mobility (movement), communication (understanding or being understood by others)

: If an individual has difficulty in any of the three core activities, they may have core activity limitation.

Psychological distress:

Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that have an impact on an individual’s level of functioning.

Can be measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.

Sociocultural factors:

The social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.

Factors include: Family, peer group, education, income, and health literacy.