pathogens

Pathogens

Microorganisms that cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bacteria

Single-celled organisms like E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus that can cause diseases.

Viruses

Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, such as Influenza virus and HIV, causing various illnesses.

Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms like Candida albicans and Aspergillus, leading to infections.

Parasites

Organisms like Plasmodium causing malaria and tapeworms living on or in a host organism.

Transmission

Pathogens spread through direct contact, indirect contact, airborne transmission, or vector-borne transmission.

Impact on Health

Pathogens can cause diseases ranging from mild to severe, leading to epidemics or pandemics.

Treatment

Pathogens can be treated with antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitic drugs.

Prevention and Control

Measures like hand hygiene, vaccination, vector control, and safe food and water practices help prevent pathogen spread.