pathogens

Pathogens

I. Definition

• Microorganisms that cause disease

• Examples: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

II. Types of Pathogens

A. Bacteria - Single-celled organisms - Examples: E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus

B. Viruses - Genetic material surrounded by a protein coat - Examples: Influenza virus, HIV

C. Fungi - Eukaryotic organisms - Examples: Candida albicans, Aspergillus

D. Parasites - Organisms that live on or in a host organism - Examples: Plasmodium (malaria), Tapeworms

III. Transmission

• Direct contact (person-to-person)

• Indirect contact (contaminated surfaces)

• Airborne (respiratory droplets)

• Vector-borne (insects or animals)

IV. Impact on Health

• Cause a range of diseases from mild to severe

• Can lead to epidemics or pandemics

• Can be treated with antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitic drugs

V. Prevention and Control

• Hand hygiene

• Vaccination

• Vector control

• Safe food and water practices