Internal Systems

Jugular vein

What is this?

Subclavian vein

What is this?

Descending Aorta

What is this?

carotid artery

What is this?

subclavian artery

What is this?

renel artery

What is this?

iliac vein

What is this?

iliac artery

What is this?

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of tonsils caused by a viral or bacterial infection

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx causing vocal cords to swell

Pneumonia

Infection that inflames one or both air sacs(lungs) and can fill with liquid or pus. Caused by bacteria, virus, or fungi

Bronchitis

Inflammation in the bronchial tubes causing swelling and mucus buildup. Caused by virus or bacteria

Asthma

A condition where your airways narrow and swell, which may cause you to produce extra mucus.

Emphysema

A progressive lung disease where the alveoli in the lungs are damaged

Cystic fibrosis

A genetic disease that causes the body to produce unusually thick and sticky mucus

Arteriosclerosis

The thickening hardening and loss of elasticity in the walls of your arteries. It restricts blood to flow to your organs and tissues.

Aneurysm

A weak spot in a blood vessel that bulges and may burst

Heart valve disease

When the valves in the heart do not work properly and affect blood flow.

Arrhythmia

An irregular heartbeat that may be too fast, too slow, or uneven.

Heart murmur

An unusual sound made by blood flowing through the heart.

Stroke

When blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel bursts.

Hemophilia

A disorder where blood does not clot properly, causing extra bleeding.

Heart Attack

When blood flow to part of the heart is blocked, damaging the heart muscle.

Atrial Septal Defect

A hole in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart.

Leukemia

A cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects white blood cells.

Peptic ulcer

A sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine.

Crohn’s disease

A disease that causes swelling and irritation in the digestive system.

Ulcerative colitis

A disease that causes sores and inflammation in the large intestine.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, often caused by a virus.

Cirrhosis

Scarring of the liver that makes it hard for the liver to work.

Diabetes

A disease where the body cannot properly control blood sugar levels.

Nasal Cavity

Hollow space inside the nose lined with mucus and tiny hairs that warms, moistens, and filters air before it enters the lungs

Pharynx

Muscular tube at the back of the throat that is a passageway for air from the nose/mouth to the larynx

Epiglottis

Small flap of cartilage above the larynx that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea when swallowing

Larynx

Cartilage structure containing the vocal cords and produces sound and directs air into the trachea

Trachea

Tube supported by C-shaped cartilage rings and carries air to and from the lungs

bronchus

Two large branches coming off the trachea that carry air into each lung

Bronchioles

Smaller branching tubes inside the lungs that distribute air throughout the lungs

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs with thin walls where gas exchange between air and blood happens

Capillaries

Very small blood vessels surrounding alveoli that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with alveoli

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle below the lungs and is the main muscle used for breathing, it contracts to draw air in

Rib Cage

Bones surrounding the chest and protect the lungs and heart and helps with breathing

Intercostal Muscles

Muscles located between the ribs and help expand and contract the chest during breathing

Pleura

Double-layered membrane around the lungs that reduces friction and protects the lungs during breathing

Inhalation

the process of breathing air into the lungs. It happens when the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity expands, lowering pressure inside the lungs so air flows in.

Exhalation

the process of breathing air out of the lungs. It happens when the diaphragm relaxes and the chest cavity becomes smaller, increasing pressure inside the lungs so air is pushed out.

Cellular respiration

gases are exchanged to bring oxygen to your cells and to get rid of waste carbon dioxide

alveoli

Gas is exchanged in the_______

Internal respiration

gas exchange in capillary bed throughout body tissues

external respiration

gas exchange in lungs

Pons, Medulla

Breathing control centers stimulated by ____ and _________

regulate

Most of the time automatic mechanisms _______ our breathing

medulla oblongata

Our breathing control center is the ____________

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

What are the 4 groups of macromolecules?

monosaccharides

what are the smallest unit of carbohydrates?

water and enzymes

what 2 things are needed to breakdown macromolecules?

amino acids

what do peptides break down into?

dipeptide

what is this molecule?

Tidal Volume

The volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The additional volume of air that can be exhaled

Inspiratory Capacity

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume

Vital Capacity

The total volume of gas that can be moved in or out of the lungs

Bottom

Glucose has the OH on the _______

top

Galactose has the OH on the ________

sucrose

glucose + fructose

lactose

glucose + galactose

maltose

glucose + glucose

Starch

what is this

glycogen

what is this?

cellulose

what is this?

monounsaturated

a fatty acid contains one double bond

polyunsaturated

a fatty acid contains more than one double bond

hydrolysis

what reaction digests carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

dehydration synthesis

reaction that attaches 2 carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins together by removing water

monosaccharides

benedicts solution tests for _____________

polysaccharides

iodine tests for ___________

proteins

biuret tests for _________