Family Health : Final Review

Authoritative Parenting

• Parents who use this style are supportive and show interest in their kids' activities, not overbearing, allow children to make constructive mistakes.

• Deemed the most optimal parenting style to use

• Children become more generally happy, capable, and successful

• Combination of warmth and flexibility while still making it clear that the parents are in charge

• Parents listen to children opinions and develop close, nurturing relationships with their children and tend to grow up confident, responsible, and capable

Authoritarian Parenting

• Uses strict rules, high standards, and punishment to regulate child's behavior

• Parents of this style have high expectations and are not flexible

• Children may suffer from not knowing a rule is in place and are punished for it

• Children can grow up in fear of punishment and lack experience in making decisions on their own

• Children may result in becoming aggressively rebellious, lack social skills, and have difficulty making sound decisions on their own

• Low in support and high in demandingness

Permissive Parenting

• High in support and low in demandingness

• Children of this parenting style tend to rank low in happiness and self-regulation

• Children are more likely to have problems with authority

• Parents are more lenient and do not expect their children to adhere to boundaries or rules, avoiding confrontation

• Actively involved in their children’s emotional well-being and are both warm and nurturing with open communication

• Low expectations and use discipline sparingly

Neglectful Parenting

• Fulfill child's basic needs but pay little attention to the child

• Parents tend to offer minimal nurturing, have few expectations/limitations for child

• Children of this parental style may grow up to be resilient and self-sufficient out of necessity and can have trouble controlling emotions, don't develop effective coping strategies, and have difficulty maintaining social relationships

• Children may tend to have low self-esteem and might seek out inappropriate role models

Uninvolved Parenting

• Parents using this style are neglectful or rejecting of their children

• Do not provide most or if any necessary parenting responsibilities

• Children lack self-control, have low self-esteem, less competent than their peers

Teacher-Centered Learning

Functions in the familiar role of classroom lecturer, presenting information to the students, who are expected to passively receive the knowledge being presented

• Focus is primarily on instructor

• Teacher chooses topic

• Teacher talks, student listens

• Students work alone/independently

• Teacher monitors and corrects student work as needed

• Classroom typically quiet

Child-Centered Learning

Teacher is still in the classroom authority figure. However, they function as more of a coach or facilitator while students embrace a more active and collaborative role in their own learning

• Focus shared by both the students and teacher

• Students have some choice in the topics they cover

• Students work in pairs, in groups, or alone depending on activity

• The students interact with their teacher and one another during the lesson

• Classroom is busy and filled with energy

• Students evaluate their own learning alongside the teacher/instructor

New babies spend most of their time sleeping, about _____ or more a day.

16 hours

Throughout childhood, regular and ample sleep correlates with:

1. normal ____

2. learning

3. emotional _____

4. psychological _____ in school and within the family

1. normal brain development

2. learning

3. emotional regulation

4. psychological adjustment..

Parents in Asia, Africa, and Latin America slept beside their infants, a practice called ____________.

co-sleeping or bed sharing

A study by Keller & Goldber, 2004 found in California families:

• about a _____ practiced co-sleeping from birth

• about _____ of couples had newborns sleep in another room but allowed their toddlers to sleep with them

third and a quarter

Ageism

A prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely based on their chronological age

Elderspeak

A baby like talk, where simple and short sentences, exaggerated emphasis, slower talk, higher and louder pitch, and frequent repetition is done

• Often involves the use of demeaning cliches (dirty old man, senior moment) or patronizing compliments (spry, having all their marbles)

Gerontology

The multidisciplinary study of old age

Geriatrics

The medical specialty devoted to aging

Centenarian

Person who has lived 100 years or more. The fastest-growing age group.

Young old

65 to 75

Old old

75 to 85

Oldest old

85+

Primary Aging

The universal changes that occur with senescence

Secondary Aging

The consequences of a particular disease

No longer merely _____ or _____, early learning is now considered vital, whether it occurs at home or in a center.

daycare or home care

Early childhood is the _____ of four stages of cognition.

second

Preoperational intelligence goes beyond senses and motor (sensorimotor) skills to include _____ and _____.

language development and imagination

Egocentrism means “__________” — Piaget’s term for children’s tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective

self-centeredness

Concentration

Is the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation to the exclusion of all others

Focus on appearance

To the exclusion of other attributes

Static reasoning

Is assuming that the world is unchanging

Irreversibility

Is the idea that nothing can be undone