Exhaustive Sports Medicine Final Exam Study Guide

Pinna…

outer ear, collects sound

Tympanic membrane…

eardrum, vibrates from sound

Auditory canal…

carries sound to the eardrum

Tinnitus…

ringing in the ears

Esophagus…

moves food to the stomach

Trachea…

airway to lungs

Atrium…

the upper heart chamber receives blood

Ventricle…

pumps blood out of the heart

Rotator cuff…

shoulder muscles for movement/stability

What is a countercoup injury?

Countercoup injury: brain injury opposite impact side

Where is the glenoid fossa, and what is its function?

Glenoid fossa: shoulder socket, holds the humerus

What is amnesia?

Amnesia: memory loss after a traumatic injury or event

parts of the eye and its functions

Pupil: Let the light in

Lens: focuses light

Sclera: white outer eye

Cornea: clear front layer

Conjunctiva: covers the eye, protects

Retina: senses light

Iris: controls pupil size

parts of the spine and its functions

Scoliosis: sideways spine curve

Kyphosis: hunched upper back

Lordosis: inward lower back curve

Nutrition and important factors

Carbohydrates: main energy source

Proteins: build/repair muscles

Fats: long-term energy

Vitamins: help body functions

Water: hydration regulates the body

Minerals: support bones/body

Stimulants: increase alertness

Steroids: muscle growth drugs

Antibiotics: fight bacteria

Maxilla vs. mandible

Maxilla: upper jaw

Mandible: lower jaw

Know the functions, treatment, and mechanism of injury of the ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL

ACL: stops forward movement

PCL: stops backward movement

MCL: inner knee stability

LCL: outer knee stability

Treatment: rest, ice, brace, surgery sometimes 

Injury: twisting or impact

What is the acetabulum?

Acetabulum: hip socket

Sprain vs. Strain?

Sprain: ligament injury
Strain: muscle/tendon injury

Know the different parts of a tooth.

Enamel: hard outer layer

Dentin: middle layer

Pulp: nerves/blood (bottom layer)

signs, symptoms, and treatment of a detached retina

vision loss, surgery needed

signs, symptoms, and treatment of hyphema

blood in the eye, rest

signs, symptoms, and treatment of epistaxis

nosebleeds, pinch nose

signs, symptoms, and treatment of a stinger

burning nerve pain, rest

signs, symptoms, and treatment for concussion

headache after direct blow to head,

signs, symptoms, and treatment for hemothorax

blood in the chest cavity, emergency care

signs, symptoms, and treatment of pneumothorax

collasped lung, emergency care

signs, symptoms, and treatment for flail chest

broken ribs, breathing trouble

signs, symptoms, and treatment of jones fx

foot fx, immobilize

signs, symptoms, and treatment for achilies tendonitis

 heel pain, rest/stretch

signs, symptoms, and treatment for compartment syndrome

pain, numbness, pressure, emergency (begins in shin)

signs, symptoms, and treatment for diabetes

a blood sugar issue

signs, symptoms, and treatment for coryza

common cold

signs, symptoms, and treatment for leukplakia

white mouth patches

signs, symptoms, and treatment for medial malleolus

inner ankle bone

signs, symptoms, and treatment for lateral malleolus

pressure, emergency (outside of the ankle)

Know the difference between a shoulder dislocation and shoulder separation.

Dislocation: joint fully out

Separation: ligaments torn

Biceps vs. triceps?

Biceps: bend the arm

Triceps: straighten the arm

What is myositis ossificans?

Myositis ossificans: bone forms in muscle

Quadriceps vs. hamstrings?

Quadriceps: straighten the knee

Hamstrings: bend knee

What thing(s) protect the brain?

Brain protection: skull, meninges, fluid

Know which organs are in which quadrants.

RUQ: liver, gallbladder

LUQ: stomach, spleen

RLQ: appendix

LLQ: intestines

Tendons vs. ligaments

Tendons: muscle to bone

Ligaments: bone to bone

Lateral ankle sprains vs. medial ankle sprains

Lateral: outside ankle, common

Medial: inside ankle, less common

Know the different planes and what movements take place in each one.

Sagittal: forward/back movement

Frontal: side movement

Transverse: rotation

Know your directional terms (anterior, posterior, proximal, distal, etc.)

Anterior: front

Posterior: back

Proximal: closer to the body

Distal: farther from the body

Axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton?

Axial: skull, spine

Appendicular: limbs

What are universal precautions?

Universal precautions: treat all blood as infectious

Know the different types of soft tissue injuries, and the different types of fractures.

Soft tissue: contusion, abrasion, laceration

Fractures: open, closed, stress

Know how many vertebrae are in each section of the vertebral column.

Spine
Cervical: 7 vertebrae

Thoracic: 12 vertebrae

Lumbar: 5 vertebrae

What is the “anatomical snuffbox”?

Anatomical snuffbox: wrist hollow near the thumb

Know the proper steps in controlling external bleeding.

Bleeding control: pressure, elevate, bandage

Hypothermia vs. hyperthermia?

Hypothermia: too cold

Hyperthermia: too hot

Heat stroke: very high temp, emergency

Heat exhaustion vs. heat cramps vs. heat stroke?

Heat cramps: muscle cramps

Heat exhaustion: fatigue, sweating

Hypertension vs. hypotension?

Hypertension: high pressure

Hypotension: low pressure

Spinous process vs. transverse process?

Spinous process: back projection

Transverse process: side projection

Annulus fibrosus vs. nucleus pulposus?

Annulus fibrosus: outer disc

Nucleus pulposus: inner gel

Anorexia nervosa vs. bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia: not eating

Bulimia: binge, then purge

Know the stages of grieving

1. Denial/shock

2. Anger

3. Bargaining

4. Depression/pain

5. Acceptance/hope