Growth and Development Quiz

As a pediatric nurse, you are the childs

advocate

_____ history is very important for pediatrics

Birth

internal resilience

ability to take control of one's own decisions

external resilience

caring relationships

temperament theory

how a child's temper interferes with their outcomes

Temperament has a corresponding influence ->

Parents react to childs temperament

Parents react to childs temperament ->

childs temperament affects relationships

(t/f) familiy is a basic social unit

true

developmental theory

developmental stages of family

family system theory

family as a system of interdependent parts

Family Stress Theory

Family response to & coping with stressful events

authoritarian parenting

style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child

authoritative parenting

parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making

permissive parenting

A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior.

rejecting-neglecting parenting

Relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved

Birth- 2 Years Communication

Eye Contact, Toys, allow infant to be held by parents

2 - 7 years of communication

focus on client, provide encouragement, simple explinations, encourage questions

during the first 6 months, infants are exlusively

fed breast milk or iron-fortified formula

what happens if you give water to a baby

they will have a siezure, Hyponatremia

at 6 months of age parents can introduce

water, cereal, fruit, veggies

at 12 months babies can have

whole cows milk or fortified soy milk

caloric range for 12 months

700 - 1000 kcal/day

2-4 years caloric range

1,000 - 1,600 Kcal/day

5 - 8 caloric range

1,200 - 2,000 kcal/day

9 - 13

1,400 - 2,200 kcal/day

14 - 18 caloric range

1,800 -3,300 kcal/day

What to know about a childs medical history

- birth type

- circumcision?

- VACCINES **

- nutrition

- fontanelles

how long do you use a rectal temperature until

until the child hcan keep the probe in their mouth

Rectal Temp

2.5 cm, lubricate, point toward umbilicus

when a childs pulse is over 150,

look for cause: dehydration, shock, fever?

when repspirations are over __ BPM, look for cause

60

a fever is above

100

Normal O2 sat of a child

>92%

HR for 1-4 weeks

110- 160

HR ( 1 - 12 months )

90 - 160

HR 1-2 years

80-140

HR 3 - 5

70 - 120

HR 6 - 12

60 - 110

HR 13 - 18

50 -100

RR 1 - 4 weeks

30 - 60

RR 1- 12 months

25 - 30

RR 1 -2

25 - 30

RR 3 - 5

20 -25

RR 6 - 12

20 - 25

RR 13 - 18

16 -20

systolic BP of child

70 + ( 2 x AGE )

temperature range

97 - 100.4

Nociceptive pain

pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful

neuropathic pain

pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system

FLACC PAIN age

2 months - 3 years

FACES pain

> 3 years

Non blancing in children could mean

meningitis

PEWS

pediatric early warning score

distract kids while accessing their

abdomen

maturation

Increased functionality of bodysystems or developmental skills

weight _____ by 6 months

doubles

length increases by __ % by 12 months

50

Head circumferences increased by __ cm every 12 months

10

root reflex

infant turns head toward the cheek that is touched

suck reflex

a clean nipple or finger is placed in the infant's mouth they will begin to suck

Moro reflex

startle reflex

tonic neck reflex

turning the head to one side, extending the arm and leg on that side, and flexing the limbs on the opposite side

Babinski reflex

if foot is stroked, the baby's toes fan out

step reflex

stepping motions when sole of foot touches hard surface

Newborn developmental theory

trust v mistrust

when does stranger anxiety develop

8 months

when does separation anxiety develop

12 months

Early warning signs of hearing

does not respond to loud noise, does not make sounds by 4 months, does not locate sound by 4 months

early waning signs of vision

crosses eyes at 6 months, does not track items, does not try to study an object in its field

Early Warning Signs: Language

no sounds by 4 months, no laugh by 6 months, no babbling by 8 months, no words by 12 months

breastfeed infants

on demand

introduce a new food to infants every

3-4 days ( they may take 20 times for accepting the food )

introduce the cup by

6 months

parents provides the food

child decides how much to eat

infant common concerns

colic, spitting up, thumb sucking, teething

colic

excessive, inconsolable crying by a young infant for no apparent reason

newborns sleep up to

20 hours per day (waking only to feed)

by 3 months, infants sleep

7-8 hours per night, 2-3 naps per day

establish a bedtime routine around

4 months

by 12 months, infant sleeps

8-12 hours a night, 2 naps per day

Car seats have to be rear-facing until

age 2 or until the child reaches the highest weight or height limit

average weight gain of the toddler

3-5 lbs per year

average lenght gain of a toddler

3 inches per year

anteriror fontanelle closes by

18 months

posterior fontanelle closes by

6-8 weeks

toddler developmental stage

autonomy vs shame and doubt

toddlers are very

egocentric

by 18 months, a child can

take a few steps independently

type of play for toddlers

parallel play

a toddler needs __ minutes of structured physcial activity, and _ - _ hours of unstructured physical activity

30: 1,3

18 month old should sleep

13.5 hours

2 year old should sleep

13 hours

3 year old should sleep

12 hours

daytime napping may end around

3 years

main things to watch for toddlers

water and posion saftey

toddler common Developmental Concerns

Weaning to cup

Thumb sucking and pacifiers

Negativism

Temper tantrums

Toilet teaching

Sibling rivalry

Aggression and regression

when should thumb sucking end

1-2 years

toilet readiness signs

>2, expresses knowledge ( "i need to pee", willingness to learn, long periods of staying dry

preschooler weight gain

5 pounds per year

preschooler height gain

2.5-3 inches per year