Unit 8 Chemistry Study Guide

Octet rule

atoms will lose, gain, or share e- to achieve eight valence e-

Covalent bond

chemical bond formed from the sharing of valence e- between two atoms

Does covalent bonding mainly occur between metals or nonmetals?

nonmetals

Molecule

when two or more atoms bond covalently

Diatomic molecules

atoms that pair up together instead of existing by itself

What are all of the diatomic molecules? (must memorize all)

H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, I₂

Why do diatomic molecules exist?

bc sharing their valence e- w/ each other gives each atom filled energy lvls

When covalent bonds form, the atoms balance…

the forces involved

What are the forces involved between covalent bonds?

• repulsive forces between e- and protons

• the attraction between oppositely charged particles

Bond length

distance between atoms that are bonded

What determines bond length?

the balanced forces in covalent bonds

Bonding pair

shared e- in a covalent bond

Prefixes in covalent compounds (in order)

mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, petra-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-

sigma bonds

single covalent bonds, symbolized using “σ”

pi bonds

More tha n one bond