Organic Chemistry 2 Final

What are polymers?

A polymer is a large molecule constructed

from many smaller structural units called monomers, covalently

bonded together in any conceivable pattern

What are the two classes of polymers?

Addition, or chain-growth, polymers

Condensation, or step-growth, polymers

Free-Radical Polymerization

Chain Branching

Cationic polymerization

Anionic polymerization

Super glue — example of anionic polymerization

Condensation: with di-carboxylic acid and diamine

Condensation: with monomer containing both amine and carboxylic acid

Condensation: with diester and diol

Condensation: with phosgene and diol

Condensation: urethane

Condensation: polyurethane

Draw a nonpolar amino acid

Draw a polar amino acid

Draw an amino acid w/ side chain with sulfur

Draw an amino acid w/ side chain with non-basic nitrogen

Draw an amino acid w/ acidic side chain

Draw an amino acid w/ a basic side chain

Zwitterion (isoelectric point)

AA Synthesis: Reductive Amination

AA Synthesis: Biosynthesis

AA Synthesis: Transamination

AA Synthesis: Hell Volhard Zellinsky

AA Synthesis: Gabriel Malonic Ester Synthesis

AA Synthesis: Strecker Synthesis

Acylation in amino acids

Resolution of amino acids

Disulfide bonds between amino acids

use HCOOOH to reduce

Sequencing from N Terminus: Edman Degradation

Sequencing from N terminus: Sanger Sequencing

Sequencing from C terminus: Residue analysis (see the last one on the c terminus)

Sequencing from C terminus: step 1, Merrifield

Sequencing from C terminus: step 2, DCC

Draw Proline

Draw D-glucose

Draw D-Galactose

Draw D-Mannose

Draw D-Ribose

Draw D-Fructose

Draw Adenine

Draw Guanine

Draw Cytosine

Draw thymine

Draw Uracil

What is the difference between a D and L sugar

What are epimers?

What is mutarotation of glucose?

Aldose reduction

Ketose reduction

Oxidation with Bromine (aldose)

Oxidation with Nitric Acid (aldose)

Oxidation with Tollens reagent

Tollens rearrangement with ketose

How do you distinguish a nonreducing sugar?

Non reducing sugars are acetals and yield a negative tollens test

Glycoside Formation

What is an aglycone?

The group bonded to the anomeric carbon of a glycoside is

called an aglycone.

• Some aglycones are bonded through an oxygen atom (a true

acetal), and others are bonded through other atoms such as

nitrogen.

Formation of methyl esters (carbohydrate)

Formation of silyl ether (carbohydrate)

Formation of acetate ester (carbohydrate)

Ruff degradation

Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis

What makes up the RNA backbone?