Electronic and Popular Music

Comprehensive flashcards covering the definitions, history, key figures, and genres of electronic and popular music as presented in the lecture notes.

How is electronic music defined?

It is defined as a music that involves electronic processing of the output.

According to the notes, what is a synthesizer?

An electronic musical instrument that generates and modifies sounds, often using electrical or digital signals to create waveforms and manipulate them.

When did audio frequency oscillators, which produce pure tones, first appear?

In the $1920s$.

Who invented the theremin, and in what decade?

Léon Theremin in the $1920s$.

What composition style emerged in $1948$ featuring edited magnetic tape collages?

Musique concrète.

Who were the pioneering figures of musique concrète at the Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française?

Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry.

What is an example of musique concrète composed in $1953$ by Schaeffer and Henry?

Orphée 53.

Which composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen is considered a masterpiece for integrating human voice with electronic sound?

Gesang der Junglinge (Song of the Youth).

Who is known as the Father of Electronic Music?

Edgard Varèse.

What term did Edgard Varèse use to describe his compositions that emphasized timbre and rhythm?

Sound masses.

For what location did Varèse compose Poème électronique in $1958$?

The Philips Pavilion at the World Fair.

How is popular music characterized in the transcript?

It is the people's music, appreciated by the majority with easily recognizable and catchy tunes.

What type of popular music is defined as a slow, emotional song telling a story about love or longing?

Ballad.

When and where did Rhythm and Blues originate?

In African American communities in the $1940s$.

What combination of musical characteristics evolved into Rock and roll in the $1950s$?

Combination of rhythm and blues and country-western music.

Who is known as the King of Rock and Roll?

Elvis Presley.

What popular music genre is known as the counterpart of opera?

Broadway.

Where is the center of more than $30$ theaters providing stage plays and musicals?

Broadway in New York City.

Where and when did Jazz music begin?

In New Orleans during the late $19th$ century.

Who is known as the King of Ragtime?

Scott Joplin.

What was the first ragtime hit composed by Scott Joplin around $1899$?

Maple Leaf Rag.

Who is known as the Empress of the Blues?

Bessie Smith.

What is Dixieland, and when did it start?

An early form of jazz that started in the early $1920s$ in New Orleans; it is a combination of blues, ragtime, and brass band.

Who made the Big Bands and swing style famous in the $1930s$?

Benny Goodman, the King of Swing.

How many players are basically in a Big Band group?

$16$ players.

What are the characteristics of Bebop groups compared to big bands?

They are relatively small ($4$ to $6$ musicians) and are not suitable for dancing.

Which instruments were introduced in cool jazz bands that distinguished them from other styles?

French horn, violoncello or cello, and flute.

What is jazz fusion?

The combination of jazz and rock rhythm styles and tone colors.