AP world Unit 5&6

1750-1900

Declaration of Independence

Signed on July 4th 1776, announcing the 13 American colonies separation from Great Britain to become an Independent nation

Creoles

Native-born elites in Spanish colonies, white Spaniards not born in Spain.

Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos

The two priest leaders of Mexico's move toward independence in a peasant insurrection, driven by the hunger for land by high food prices

Simon Bolivar

A military leader who became a nationalist who mobilized forces against Spain in a movement of independence which ultimately prevailed

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A document written by the French which read “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

Olympe de Gouges

French playwright and journalist who appropriated the language of the Declaration of Rights to say women are equal to men

Napoleon Bonaparte

A highly successful French general who seized power in 1799, credited for taming the revolution and spreading its enlightenment beliefs such as equality far and wide.

Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian revolution which led to the establishment of Haiti, who was a former slave turned military leader.

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

First emperor of Haiti who slaughtered every remaining white

Independence debt”

A debt opposed by France on Haiti after they gained their independence, being paid off until 1947 over billions of dollars, as "compensation" for lost land and slaves, leaving Haiti in financial ruin

Seneca Falls

A convention which launched the organized women’s rights movement in the U.S. by addressing women’s social, civil, and religious conditions

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leader in the women’s right movement, specifically in the Seneca Falls convention, writing the Declaration of Sentiments

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, which operated through peaceful protests with 2 million members

Kartini

Javanese woman named Raden Ajeng Kartini, and Indonesian national hero and a pioneer of women’s rights and female education

Huda Sharawi

Founder of Egyptian Feminist Union who also first argued for women's liberation

Steam Engine

A coal-fired engine which provided an almost limitless source of power

Second Industrial Revolution

Centered around scientific discoveries such as electricity and mass production and industrialization accompanied by railroad development

Middle Class

A newly developed social class between the lower working class and the upper elites, consisting of a variety of skilled people who stood on a stable income and could take risks on investments, such as doctors, artisans, merchants, lawyers, and small business owners.

Robert Owen

A wealthy British cotton textile manufacturer, living 1771-1858, who argued the creation of small industrial communities, where the working class could gain hospitable conditions

Karl Marx

An England Born German living 1818-1883 who witnessed the brutality of Britain's Industrial

Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party

An illegally created labor party made by the educated population of Russia, which became involved in workers education, union organizing, and revolutionary action

The Crimean War (1854-1856)

Allied forces of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia against Russian expansion into Ottoman land

caudillos

Military leaders that rose to power and used political propaganda to decrease their rivals influence

Mexican Revolution of 1910

A war fought to overthrow the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz which was led by multiple class reformers, workers, and peasants

King Leopold of Belgium

The ruler of the Congo Free State, who imposed cruel force upon his colonies, which was seen as a reign of terror

Taiping Uprising

Rebels led by the self proclaimed prophet Hong Xiuquan which seized the city of Nanjing for a decade aimed to overthrow the Qing Dynasty

Opium Wars

1839-1842, and 1856-1860 wars over the opium trade by France and Britain to China, and China’s loss in the war led to the legalization of Opium and new trade ports

Self-Strengthening

Movement of reforms during the late Qing Dynasty following the military disasters following the opium wars

Boxer Uprising

A violent anti-foreign, anti imperialist, and anti-Christian rebellion in northern China initiated by the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”, aka the Boxers

Hundred Days of Reform

A failed 103 day imperial reform movement in the late Qing Dynasty