FDR - 1933-1945

32nd US President

How many terms did FDR serve in total ?

4 terms

What is FDR’s trademark?

How many of these were there?

New Deal

2

Give the quote of FDR at his inauguration address in March 1933? Hint: “The only thing …”

“The only thing you have to fear is fear itself.”

FDR’s 1st New Deal was made deliberately ambiguous, which many historians today refer to as a “stroke of …

“political genius”

Brainstorm some key terms/Quotes for FDR’s 4 terms of the presidency?

• Fireside chats - prolific communicator, profound connection with the American people.

• NYC governor

• Democrat

• Redefined the presidency, “limited presidency” -(Passives), like Lincoln (18th)

• New Deal - “stroke of political genius”

• First 100 days in office, 15 bills passed urgently

• March 1933 Inauguration speech “The only thing you have to fear is fear itself.”

• Pearl Harbour Speech 7th December 1941: “A day which will live in infamy.”

• Pearl Harbour - 4 Freedoms speech - “unconditional surrender of the Axis powers” - Japan, Italy, Germany.

• 2nd Term 1937 Inaugural address: “1/3rd nation, remain ill-housed, ill clad and ill nourished.”

Within FDR’s first 100 days, how many bills did he pass urgently to improve the economy?

15

By the time FDR started his first term in office, how many states had banks shutting their doors?

National income had fallen to …% of its 1929 level.

• 38 states

• 50%

The first New Deal offered public relief, economic recovery through more jobs and social reform. It also restored o… in the average Americans post-Great Depression?

Optimism.

Term 1 -

How many bills were passed urgently during the Great Depression?

Yes/No, ‘no other president had ever acted so quickly to relieve economic hardship and recovery.”

What was the name for government agencies established, known for their acroynms in FDR’s New Deal “a..a””

• 15

• Yes

• Alphabet Agencies

Term 1 Domestic Policy:

Name 3 acts introduced by FDR?

• TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority

• CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps

• AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Act

From what act introduced in FDR’s 1st term did the CCC- Civilian Conservation Corps come from?

• Unemployment Relief Act

Give 1 domestic policy from FDR’s 1st term that was concerned with helping rebuild the industrial sector?

NIRA - National Industrial Recovery Act.

In the NIRA - National Industrial Recovery Act, there were 2 agencies created?

• PWA - Public works administration

• NRA - National Recovery Administration

PWA - Public Works Administration:

How many million trees did the PWA plant in 1941 to alleviate the loss of topsoil after what event?

The PWA successfully reduced the issue of high u…?

How many schools were built by the PWA?

How many thousands miles of roads

24, Dust Bowl

unemployment

13,000

50,000

The NRA - National Recovery Administration launched what campaign to encourage public spending and revitalise the economy? “Hint: B…N…”

“Buy Now” campaign

• A criticism to FDR’s 1st New Deal is that although he advocated for a ..% wage increase and … hour cut to the working week, both were unsuccessful?

• There were also mixed results for the New Deal. What agency was more successful than the other from the NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act)?

• True/False, there was not enough done to help support poor black Americans, the elderly etc, who were the hardest hit by the Great Depression?

• How many rulings against FDR’s 1st New Deal did the Supreme Court make when scrutinising the legislation in 1935, declaring some of it unconstitutional?

• 10, 10

• AAA more successful than the NRA

• True

• 2

How many votes in did FDR get in his second term in 1937?

How many votes did FDR get in his third term in 1941?

27 million votes

22 million votes

What is FDR most known for attempting to the Supreme Court in his second term?

Attempting to ‘Pack the Supreme Court’

• In more to make the Supreme court “more efficient”, FDR decided the increase the number of judges from 9… to ?

• Members of the court aged 70+ were encouraged to … with full pay?

• Those who refused to retire would have an assistant appointed to them with full …

• This would ensure a liberal m…

• What was this bill called?

• True/False, this bill damaged FDR’s reputation.

• 15

• Retire

• Voting rights

• majority

• Judiciary Reform Bill

• True

During FDR’s 2nd term, the Supreme Court began to be more vocal about concern of FDR’s power. How many of FDR’s laws did they find unconstitutional?

11

What did FDR’s term 2 domestic policy of the Reorganisation Act 1939 create?

The EOP made FDR not just the chief executive but also chief …

• EOP - Executive Office of the President.

• Legislator.

• What occurred to prove that FDR’s 1st New Deal had been unsuccessful (r…)? What was this era called? Hint: “the R..R”

• By how much did government spending reduce?

• Nearly how many million lost their jobs?

• To solve the crisis, what 2 acroynms does FDR announce on his fireside chats that he’ll introduce?

• These measures are effective but u… remains high.

• The Roosevelt Recession

• $4 billion to less than $1 billion

• 4 million

• 2nd AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act), TNC (Temporary National Economic Committee)

• Unemployment

Roosevelt creates the … to correct the weaknesses from the first.

By 1934, how many are unemployed

To solve this rapidly rising unemployment, FDR begins his … days, by passing a plethora of successful legislation.

New Deal

11 million

2nd 100 days

What is FDR’s second term domestic policy also known for?

What type of system of old-age benefits was this?

This created a crucial part of the New Deal, the “… net”

What attempts made by FDR were blocked and amended in congress?

Social Security Act

Permanent system

“social safety net”

Attempts to raise taxes on the wealthy.

FDR’s initial fear in his first term was Japan, however by 1935 his focus had shifted towards.

Despite this FDR and the USA wanted to maintain their I… stance.

In doing so, FDR passed a series of n… acts

Nazi Germany

Isolationist

Neutrality acts

Name one economic policy introduced by FDR in his 2nd term?

What did FDR take the US off?

The dollar was devalued by 30%, how did other European countries react to this?

The Devaluaing of the dollar.

The gold standard.

Annoyed them.

In November 1933, US formally r… the USSR and made diplomatic relations with its communist government.

USA in early 1930s gained the “m… f… n…” trading status with … other countries.

recognised

“most favoured nation”

19

• At home, what group of people were most targeted on the West Coast?

• How many Japanese-Americans were forced to sell/abandon their homes, businesses and livelihoods.

• Due to what … gave the US authority to send Japanese-Americans to military operated internment camps?

• More than what fraction of victims were native born citizens?

• Japanese- Americans

• 120,000

• Executive Order

• 2/3rds

• In the army, what condition were the African American soldiers subject to?

• What was the name of the early MLK figure who organised a March on Washington in protest

• What Executive Order number introduced by FDR solved this issue and served to outlaw discrimination in defence industries.

• Jim Crow-like conditions

• A. Philip Randolph

• 8802

War Economy

• By 1944, what % of workforce were women?

• What 3 agencies were established by FDR during WW2?

• What did these stand for?

• In total, how much hundred billion dollars worth did the WPB have in supplies and ammo.

• 60%

• WPB, OPA, WLB

• War Production Board, Office of Price Administration, War Labour Board.

• $143 billion

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration between what 2 country’s leaders?

This pact solidified the A...A alliance?

How many common principles were there?

What impact/shift on US public opinion did it have?

• US President FDR British PM Winston Churchill

• Anglo-American alliance

• 8

• In favour of intervention.

What does FDR famously say after the 7th December 1941 Pearl Harbour attack?

Of the 16 million in the armed forces in the USA , how many were killed at Pearl Harbour?

FDR conducted his “4 F… speech”.

In this speech he calls for the “u… s… of the Axis powers”

Who are the Axis powers?

“A date which will live in infamy”

405,000 (1/2 million)

‘4 Freedoms speech’

“Unconditional Surrender”

Japan, Italy, Germany

By September 1944, how many US soldiers were fighting on the Western Front?

What future President was placed in charge of D-Day operations by FDR?

What was the name of his D-Day operation?

2 million

Dwight. D. Eisenhower.

Operation Overlord

What international peace-keeping organisation was agreed at Yalta?

What country and its capital would be divided into 4 zones?

What did Stalin promise to do after the war ended?

True/False : Was this period of diplomacy post-WW2 with the USA and USSR short-lived before the Cold War?

• UN.- United Nations

• Germany and Berlin

• Enter into war against Japan

• True

Lend Lease of May 1941 is the USA’s agreement to l… weapons to Britain to keep fighting Germany?

By May 1941, are the USA directly involved in the war, if not, when do they and what event is its catalyst?

loan

No, 7th December 1941, Pearl Harbour

FDR was president for 12 years, serving 4 terms. What former president’s unwritten tradition did he break of only serving 2 terms?

George Washington