Marine Biology Test!

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Last updated 5:46 PM on 4/22/26
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35 Terms

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Sea sponges

Simplest animals with no organs, tissues, or symmetry

<p>Simplest animals with no organs, tissues, or symmetry</p>
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Ostia

Holes through which a sponge draws water into its body

<p>Holes through which a sponge draws water into its body</p>
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Spicules

Small, spike shaped particles that make up the skeleton of sponges

<p>Small, spike shaped particles that make up the skeleton of sponges</p>
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Spongin

Flexible protein that holds sea sponges together and is left behind when the hard skeleton dissolves

<p>Flexible protein that holds sea sponges together and is left behind when the hard skeleton dissolves</p>
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Sponge loop

Mutualistic symbiosis with corals that cycles nutrients, producing nutrient-rich detritus that fuels the food web

<p>Mutualistic symbiosis with corals that cycles nutrients, producing nutrient-rich detritus that fuels the food web</p>
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Nematocysts

Cells with filaments that can penetrate and inject venom into predators or prey

<p>Cells with filaments that can penetrate and inject venom into predators or prey</p>
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Polyp

The body plan of sessile cnidarians, with mouth and tentacles facing upwards

<p>The body plan of sessile cnidarians, with mouth and tentacles facing upwards</p>
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Medusa

The body plan of mobile cnidarians; an upside-down polyp adapted for drifting

<p>The body plan of mobile cnidarians; an upside-down polyp adapted for drifting</p>
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Zooids

Specialized individuals that make up a colonial organism

<p>Specialized individuals that make up a colonial organism</p>
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Zooxanthellae

Symbiotic algae that live inside cells of coral polyps

<p>Symbiotic algae that live inside cells of coral polyps</p>
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Barrier reef

A coral reef separated from shore by a lagoon

<p>A coral reef separated from shore by a lagoon</p>
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Atoll

A ring-shaped coral reef encircling a lagoon where a volcanic island used to be

<p>A ring-shaped coral reef encircling a lagoon where a volcanic island used to be</p>
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Coral bleaching

Rejection of symbiotic algae from coral (usually due to increased temp) which leads to starvation of the coral

<p>Rejection of symbiotic algae from coral (usually due to increased temp) which leads to starvation of the coral</p>
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Tube feet

Part of the water-vascular system of echinoderms used for locomotion and feeding

<p>Part of the water-vascular system of echinoderms used for locomotion and feeding</p>
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Foot

A muscular part of the three-part body plan of mollusks, used for locomotion (divided into tentacles in some)

<p>A muscular part of the three-part body plan of mollusks, used for locomotion (divided into tentacles in some)</p>
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Visceral mass

The organ-containing bulk of the three-part body plan of mollusks

<p>The organ-containing bulk of the three-part body plan of mollusks</p>
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Adductor muscle

Holds together and opens/closes the shells of bivalves (9 & 2 in diagram)

<p>Holds together and opens/closes the shells of bivalves (9 &amp; 2 in diagram)</p>
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Siphon

Used for jet propulsion in cephalopods

<p>Used for jet propulsion in cephalopods</p>
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Pen

Internal shell of a squid; a vestigial remnant of the external shells of ancient cephalopods

<p>Internal shell of a squid; a vestigial remnant of the external shells of ancient cephalopods</p>
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Mantle

Body wall of mollusks that covers the visceral mass and secretes the shell

<p>Body wall of mollusks that covers the visceral mass and secretes the shell</p>
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Echinodermata

Phylum containing sea stars, urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers

<p>Phylum containing sea stars, urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers</p>
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Porifera

Phylum containing sea sponges

<p>Phylum containing sea sponges</p>
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Mollusca

Phylum containing bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods

<p>Phylum containing bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods</p>
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Cnidaria

Phylum containing anemones, jellyfish, corals, and siphonophores

<p>Phylum containing anemones, jellyfish, corals, and siphonophores</p>
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Arthropoda

Phylum containing insects, arachnids, and crustaceans

<p>Phylum containing insects, arachnids, and crustaceans</p>
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Chordata

Phylum containing all vertebrates

<p>Phylum containing all vertebrates</p>
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Bivalvia

Class containing clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops

<p>Class containing clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops</p>
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Gastropoda

Class containing slugs and snails

<p>Class containing slugs and snails</p>
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Cephalopoda

Class containing squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and nautilus

<p>Class containing squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and nautilus</p>
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Siphonophores

Group of colonial organisms made up of zooids

<p>Group of colonial organisms made up of zooids</p>
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Soft corals

Group of colonial organisms including sea pens and sea fans

<p>Group of colonial organisms including sea pens and sea fans</p>
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Stony corals

Group of colonial organisms that secrete calcium carbonate to build a skeleton that can form reefs

<p>Group of colonial organisms that secrete calcium carbonate to build a skeleton that can form reefs</p>
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Echinozoa

"Spiny animal"; a subphylum containing urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers

<p>"Spiny animal"; a subphylum containing urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers</p>
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Asterozoa

"Star animal"; a subphylum containing sea stars and brittle stars

<p>"Star animal"; a subphylum containing sea stars and brittle stars</p>
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Crinoidea

Class containing sea lilies and feather stars

<p>Class containing sea lilies and feather stars</p>