lab 5 exam

ID the cell type, location of cell type, function 

Astrocytes (CNS) - supports neurons, anchor neurons to capillaries, and help form blood-brain barrier 

ID the cell type, location of cell type, function 

Microglia (CNS) – immune defense, engulf bacteria/debris (phagocytosis) 

ID the cell type, location of cell type, function 

Ependymal (CNS) – produce and circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) 

ID the cell type, location of cell type, function 

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) – forms the myelin sheath around axons (insulation → faster signals) 

ID the cell type(purple), location of cell type, function 

Satellite (PNS ganglia) –support and protect neuron cell bodies  

ID the cell type(blue), location of cell type, function 

Schwann (PNS) – form myelin sheath in PSN  

label

a. dendrites

b. cell body

c. nucleus

d. chromatophilic substance (rough endoplasmic reticulum, RER)

e. axon hillock

f. initial segment of axon = axon hillock

g. axon

h. schwann cell

i. impulse direction

j. myelin sheath gap = node of ranvier

Identity neuron type and location

multipolar

location: purkinje cell of cerebellum (brain) + pyramidal cell (CNS) 

Identity neuron type and location

bipolar

location: olfactory cell (nose) + retinal cell (eye)

Identity neuron type and location

unipolar

location: dorsal root ganglion cell (PNS)

label picture

a. peripheral process (axon)

b. receptive endings

c. skeletal muscles

d. afferent transmission (sensory input)

e. efferent transmission (motor output)

f. spinal nerve

g. afferent sensory neuron

h. dorsal root ganglion

i. cell body

j. central process (axon)

k. between interneuron or association neuron

l. efferent motor neuron

m. spinal cord

n. white mater

o. gray mater

label picture

a. axon = nerve fiber

b. myelin sheath

c. endoneurium

d. perineurium

e. blood vessels

f. fascicle

g.epineurium

label picture

a. frontal lobe

b. precentral gyrus

c. central sulcus

d. postcentral gyrus

e.parietal lobe

f. lateral sulcus

g. occipital lobe

h. temporal lobe

i. transverse cerebral fissure

j. cerebellum

k. pons

l. medulla oblongata

m. spinal cord

n. gyrus

o. cortex (gray mater)

p. sulcus

q. white mater

r. fissure

label picture

a. pituitary gland

b. decussation of pyramids

c. frontal lobe

d. optic chiasma

e. optic nerve

f. mammillary body

g. midbrain

h. pons

i. temporal bone

j. medulla oblongata

k. cerebellum

l. spinal cord

label picture

a. cerebral hemisphere

b. anterior commissure

c. hypothalamus

d. optic chiasma

e. pituitary gland

f. mammillary

g. pons

h.. medulla oblongata

i. spinal cord

j. choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle

k. thalamus

l. posterior commissure

m. pineal gland (melatonin)

n. epithalamus

o. cerebral aqueduct

p. midbrain

q. arbor vitae of cerebellum (tree of life)

r. fourth ventricle

s. choroid plexus

t. cerebellum

name the 6 pituitary gland hormones

1. gh (growth hormone)

2. fsh (follicle stimulating hormone)

3. lh (luteinizing hormone)

4. act h (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

5. ths (thyroid stimulating hormone)

6. prl (prolactin)

what hormone does the pituitary gland release to stimulate bone and tissue growth?

gh (growth hormone)

which pituitary hormone targets the reproductive organs and stimulates follicle development?

fsh (follicle stimulating hormone)

which pituitary hormone acts on reproductive organs to trigger ovulation or testosterone production?

lh (luteinizing hormone)

which pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal glands?

act h (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

which pituitary hormone targets the thyroid gland?

ths (thyroid stimulating hormone)

which pituitary hormone acts on the mammary glands to produce milk?

prl (prolactin)

label picture

a. superior sagittal sinus

b. subdural space

c. subarachnoid space

d. skin of scalp

e. periosteum

f. bone of skull

g. dura mater

h. arachnoid mater

i. pia mater

j. arachnoid granulation

k. blood vessel

what are the 5 levels of brain protection

1. skin of scalp

2. periosteum + bone of skull

3. brain meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater)

4. CFS in brain ventricles

5. BBB (blood brain barrier)

label picture

a. lateral ventricle

b. interventricular foramen

c. third ventricle

d. cerebral aqueduct

e. fourth ventrical

f. central canal

g. spinal cord

label picture

a. frontal lobe

b. temporal lobe

c. infundibulum

d. facial nerve (VII)

e. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

f. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

g. vagus nerve (X)

h. accessory nerve (XI)

i. hypoglossal nerve (XII)

j. filaments of oifactory nerve (I)

k. olfactory bulb

l. olfactory tract

m. optic nerve (II)

n. optic chiasma

o. optic tract

p. oculomotor nerve (III)

q. trochlear nerve (IV)

r. trigeminal nerve (V)

s. abducens nerve (VI)

t. cerebellum

u. medulla oblongata

nerve type? function? location?

I. olfactory

sensory

smell

nose → olfactory bulb

nerve type? function? location?

II. optic

sensory

vision

retina → brain

nerve type? function? location?

III. oculomotor

motor

eye movement + pupil constriction

midbrain → eye muscle

nerve type? function? location?

IV. trochlear

motor

moves eye down

midbrain → superior oblique

nerve type? function? location?

V. trigeminal

mixed

face sensation + chewing

face (3 branches=ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular)

nerve type? function? location?

VI. abducens

motor

moves eye outward

pons → lateral rectus

nerve type? function? location?

VII. facial

mixed

facial expression + taste (front tongue) + saliva/tears

pons → face

nerve type? function? location?

VIII. vestibulocochlear

sensory

hearing + balance

inner ear → brain

nerve type? function? location?

IX. glossopharyngeal

mixed

taste (back tongue) + swallowing + saliva

medulla → throat

nerve type? function? location?

X. vagus

mixed

controls organs (heart, lungs, digestion)

medulla → thorax and abdomen

nerve type? function? location?

XI. accessory

motor

head turn + shoulder shrug

spinal cord → neck muscles

nerve type? function? location?

XII. hypoglossal

motor

tongue movement

medulla → tongue

label picture

a. epidural space (contains fat)

b. subarachnoid space

c. spinal nerve

d. ventral ramus of spinal nerve

e. spinous process of cervical vertabrae

f. gray commissure

g. pia mater

h. arachnoid mater

i. dura mater

j. spinal meninges

k. central canal

l. dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

m. body of vertebra

define plexus

is a (complex) network of spinal serves which together serve a particular body region

list the 4 plexuses

1. cervical plexus (C1-C5)

2. brachial plexus (C5-T1)

3. lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

4. sacral plexus (L4-S4)

name the working area and one nerve of the cervical plexus

neck + shoulder

phrenic nerve

name the working area and one nerve of the brachial plexus

shoulders + arms + upper limbs

axillary nerve

name the working area and one nerve of the lumbar plexus

lower abdomen + anterior thigh

femoral nerve

name the working area and one nerve of the sacral plexus

posterior thigh + lower leg + foot

sciatic nerve