AP World Exam Review

Flashcards that I need to go over

In Buddhism, what is the term for the state of liberation achieved by following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path?

Native

Which branch of Buddhism emphasizes the personal journey and recognition of the ‘nonslef‘ to achieve Nirvana?

Theravada Buddhism

Which branch of Buddhism’s primary effect on the Hindu social hierarchy

Mahayana Buddhism

What are the sacred scriptures that serve as the primary source of Hinduism?

The vedas

In Hinduism, what is the term for escaping the cycle of rebirth to reach a state of liberation?

Moksha

What determines an individuals class in their next life according to Hindu belief?

Karma

Which Hindu movement in the 12th century emphasized personal devotion to one god and challenged the rigid caste system?

The Bhakti movement

In confucianism, what is the term for the model of social order based on family and political relationships

Filial Piety

What meritocratic system in Song China determined the rank of government applicants based on exams

Civil service examinations

What Chinese belief provided legitimacy to the emperor by asserting that his rule was granted by the gods?

The mandate of heaven

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Confession of faith, prayer five times daily, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca

Which group in Islam believes the leader of the faith should be a descendant of Muhammad?

Shi’a Islam

Which mystical branch of Islam emphasizes a direct personal relationships with God through music, dance, and meditation?

Sufism

What was the ‘Great Schism‘ of 1054?

The split of the Christian church into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches.

The Byzantine political-religious system where the secular ruler is also the head of the Church is called ___.

Caesaropapism

Which drought-resistance crop form Vietnam to a population boom in Song China?

Champa Rice

What was the significance of the Grnad Canal in China?

It connected the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, facilitating trade and unification

What was the ‘House of Wisdom‘ in Baghdad?

A center for learning where scholars preserved Greek texts and made advancements in math and medicine

What was the ‘Jizya‘ in Islamic states?

A yearly tax levied against non-Muslim residents

Which Southeast Asian empire was known for the complex irrigation systems and the construction of Angkor Wat?

The Khmer Empire

The mandatory labor service system used by the Inca Empire for public works projects was called the ____.

Mita System

What was the ‘Quipu‘ used for in the Inca Empire?

Recording census data and accounting through a set a knotted strings.

What was the capital of the Aztec Empire, located at modern-day Mexico City?

Tenochtitlan

What were ‘Chinampas‘ in the Aztec Empire?

Floating gardens used for agriculture

Who was the founder of the Mali Empire who established trade relations with North African merchants?

Sundiata

What was the name for the oral storytellers in West African Kingdoms?

Griots

Which Europeans socio-political system land grants (feifs) in exchange for loyalty and military service.

Feudalism

What was the status of ‘serfs‘ in Medival Europe?

Peasants tied to the land who provided labor in exchange for protection

Pax Mongolica

A period of peace and stability across Eurasia that facilitated trade and communication under Mongol rule

Who was the Mongol leader who unified the tribes and began the path of expansion in the early 13th century?

Genghis Khan (Temujin)

What were ‘Caravanserais‘

Inns or rest stops for for travelers and merchants along trade routine like the Silk Roads

Which paramedic killing approximately one-third of Europe’s population in the 14th century, leading to the of feudalism?

The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

What was the primary enviromental factor that enabled the spread of the Bubonic Plague?

The Little Ice Age, which caused rodent migration due to famine.

What maritime technology allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the altitude of celestial bodies.

The astrotabe

Which triangular sail design allowed ships to sail effectively against the wind in the Indian Ocean?

The Lateen Sail

what was the purpose of the ‘Yassack‘ in the Russian Empire?

A tribute demanded from Siberian natives, often paid in fur pelts.

Which Russian Tsar was responsible for building St. Petersburg and Initiating Westernization

Peter the Great

Who were the ‘Zamindars‘ in the Mughal Empire?

Local lords who acted as tax collections and administration officials

Which Mughal ruler was known for his policy of religious tolerance and the abolition of the jizya tax?

Akbar the Great

What was the ‘Devshirme‘ system in the Ottoman Empire

The practice of taking Christain boys to be converted to Islam and trained as Janissaries or administrations

Which economic theory argued that a nation’s strength depended on accumulating gold and silver and maintaining a favorable balance of trade?

Mercantilism

What was the ‘Middle Passage‘

The brutal transatlantic voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americans

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old War and the New World is known as the ____.

Colombian Exchange

What was the ‘Castas System‘ in colonial Latin America?

A radical hierarchy that marked individuals based on their ancestry (a.g. Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos).

Who wrote the ‘Ninety-Five These‘, sparking the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther

Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

John Locke

In Adam’s Smith’s The wealth of Nations’, what is the term for a free market where the government does not interfere?

Laissez-Faire

Who was the primary leader of the Haitian Revolution, the first successful slave revolt in the Western Hemisphere?

Toussaint L’Ouverture

What was the ‘Meji Restortation‘ in Japan?

A period of rapid modernization and industrialization to resist foreign domination

What was the goal of the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?

To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa by dividing the continent among European powers.

What pseudoscience was used to justify European imperialism by claiming Europeans were the ‘fittest‘ race?

Social Darwinism

What were the ‘MANIA‘ causes of World War 1?

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, and Assassination

What was the ‘Schlieffen Plan‘?

Germany’s strategy to avoid a two-front war by quickly defeating France before fighting Russia.

What document, sent by Germany to Mexico, prompted the United States to enter World war 1?

the Zimmerman Telegram

Which clause of the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to accept full responsibility for World War 1?

The ‘War guilt Clause’(Article 231)

What was the ‘New Economic Policy‘ (NEP) introduced by Lenin?

A strategic retreat to allow some private enterprise to revitalize the Soviet economy.

What were Stalin’s ’Five-Year Plan’ designed to achieve?

Rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture

The policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands avoid war, used by Britain and France toward Hitler, is called _____.

Appeasement

What was the significance of the ‘Truman Doctrine‘?

It committed the US to containing the spread of communism by aiding threatened nations.

What was the ‘Great Leap Forward‘ in China?

Mao Zedong’s second five-year plan which led to widespread famine and millions of deaths.

Which 1962 confrontation brought the US and USSR to the brink of nuclear war over missiles in the Caribbean?

The Cuban Missiles Crisis

What were Mikhall Gorbachev’s two major reform policies in the late 1980s?

Glansnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring)