Electrolysis and Reactive Elements
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Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and reactions related to electrolysis and the reactivity series of metals.
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20 Terms
Electrolysis
The process of breaking down an ionic substance into its elements using electrical energy.
Cathode
The electrode where reduction occurs.
Anode
The electrode where oxidation occurs.
Reactivity Series
A list of metals ranked by their reactivity, where more reactive metals displace less reactive ones.
Reducing Agent
A substance that donates electrons in a chemical reaction, causing the reduction of another substance.
Oxidizing Agent
A substance that accepts electrons in a chemical reaction, causing the oxidation of another substance.
Cation
A positively charged ion that moves towards the cathode during electrolysis.
Anion
A negatively charged ion that moves towards the anode during electrolysis.
Half Equation for Reduction at Cathode (general form)
X^n+ + ne^- → X.
Half Equation for Oxidation at Anode (general form)
X → X^n+ + ne^-.
Why electrolysis of aluminum oxide is performed with a mixture?
The mixture has a lower melting point than pure aluminum oxide.
Source of Hydrogen during electrolysis of sodium sulfate
Hydrogen is produced from water molecules present in the solution.
Ions present in sodium sulfate solution
Hydrogen ions (H+), hydroxide ions (OH-), sodium ions (Na+), and sulfate ions (SO4^2-).
Oxygen Production at Positive Electrode (OH-) Reaction
4OH^- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e^-.
Main product from electrolysis of CuSO4(aq)
Copper (Cu) and oxygen (O2).
Main product from electrolysis of NaCl(aq)
Hydrogen gas (H2) and chlorine gas (Cl2).
Why solid calcium chloride cannot be electrolyzed?
Ions are not free to move.
Product formed at negative electrode in aqueous calcium chloride electrolysis
Hydrogen (H2).
Half equation for reaction at positive electrode in calcium chloride electrolysis
2Cl^- → Cl2 + 2e^-.
Electrolysis products from aqueous sodium chloride solution
Hydrogen gas (H2), chlorine gas (Cl2), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).