baroque exam

JS Bach Well Tempered Clavier

Harpsichord, Monophonic, Moderato

JS Bach Toccata and fugue (dracula one)

Organ, Polyphonic, Allegro

JS Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 3

Harpsichord & Strings, polyphonic, Moderato

Vivaldi Gloria in D

Choir & Orchestra, polyphonic, oratorio &solos, moderato

Vivaldi Four Seasons (Winter)

Strings, polyphonic, allegro

GF Handel Lascia Chio Pianga

Choir & Strings, polyphonic, vocal solo & consonant, adagio

GF Handel Messiah (Hallelujah)

Choir & Strings, allegro

B Strozzi La Vandetta

Harpsichord & Strings, polyphonic, opera, moderato

Monteverdi L’Orfeo

Strings & Harpsichord, Opera, Adagio

H Purcell Dido and Aenas

Strings & Organ, polyphonic, dissonant & opera, Adagio

Scarlatti Stabat Mater

Choir & Organ, Cantata, adagio

Corelli Trio Sonata, OP 6, No. 4

Organ & Strings, polyphonic, allegro

What does Baroque mean?

Portuguese word for irregularly shaped pearl

Tonality

Organizing pitches and chords around a central, stable note (tonic)

Basso Continuo

Written bass line played by cello or bassoon, while keyboardist improvises over it using shorthand numbers

Claudio Monteverdi

• prodigy who first published his music at age 15

• worked at ducal court of Mantua

• 1613 worked as music director at St. Mark’s Venice

• Produced Madrigals, wrote for sacred services, established himself as first master of opera

Madrigals

Polyphonic and secular vocal

Recitative

non-melodic and erratic narrative that moves plot along

Aria

formal and structured melodic music that pauses and reflects

Barbara Strozzi

• Cantatas

• Ground bass

Cantatas

intimate vocal compositions that featured a solo singer accompanied by basso continuo

Ground bass or basso ostinato

fixed, repetitive bass pattern

overture

orchestral introduction

french overture

coupling of two sections in an overture, popularized by Lully

Jean Baptiste Lully

monopoly over french operas

Masque

English court form of entertainment; a spectacle with poetry, music, and elaborate sets

Henry Purcell

• one of england’s most distinguished composers

• semi- operas

• organist at westminister abbey

• composed instrumental works, anthems, ceremonial pieces, dramatic operas

Semi-operas

dramatic plays interrupted by musical, masque like episodes

Dido and Aeneas (1689) SIGNIFICANCE

• First important English Opera to use music throughout to unify dramatic whole

• French style overtures, recitatives, arias, ensembles, choruses, dances, and instrumental interludes.

Virtuosos

Highly skilled performers

“King of instruments”

Organ

Sonata

described a variety of pieces for one or a few instruments. 3 or 4 movements that vary in tempo and mood

Prelude

introduced more substancial work, more freely conceived

Suite

selection of several dances arranged in some order

Binary Form

two part form where each section is repeated

allemande

german dance in triple meter

courante

french fast dance

sarabande

slow dance from latin america

Gigue

lively dance in compound meter related to english jig

Trio Sonata

two solo treble instruments and a bass instrument, a continuo line

Arcangelo Corelli

• composer of trio sonatas

• Rome

• Became a leading violinist and violin teacher

• wide distribution of his instrumental music

Sonata de Chiesa

church sonata

Sonata de Camera

Chamber Sonata

Concerto

instrumental musical form categorized by a soloist and an orchestra

Antonio Vivaldi

• nicknamed “red priest”

• served as music director of a Venetian orphanage and convent fro girls

• violinist

Program music

instrumental music that was meant to tell a story or explore different non-musical ideas, identified or hinted at by title

ex. four seasons

JS Bach

• German

• 1708 - became court organist in Weimar

• 1717- offered position at the court of Cothen

• 1723 - moved to Leipzig to serve as a music director

• Toccata

Toccata

instrumental composition typically for a harpsichord or organ in virtuoso freestyle

Cantatas

Medium length works for soloists, chorus, and orchestras

Collegium Musicum

ensemble of professional musicians and university students who performed weekly public concerts.

Fugues

a composition in a high style of counterpoint in which a subject is introduced and elaborated in various combinations by two or more parts

George Frideric Handel

• Known for italian operas but later turned to oratorios

• Occasional music

Occasional music

music for special occasions

Oratorio

large scale, usually narrative musical works performed without costumes or scenery, sacred