NUR 141 Complete Drug MOA Map - Detailed Filled

These flashcards cover the mechanisms of action, key adverse effects, teaching/monitoring guidelines, and exam notes for various medications relevant to nursing and pharmacology.

Acetaminophen

Decreases pain and fever in CNS.

Aspirin

Inhibits COX and platelet aggregation.

Ibuprofen

Inhibits COX, decreases prostaglandins, leading to decreased pain, fever, and inflammation.

Naproxen

Inhibits COX, decreases prostaglandins, leading to decreased pain, fever, and inflammation.

Celecoxib

Selectively inhibits COX-2, decreasing pain and inflammation.

Morphine Sulfate

Activates opioid receptors to decrease pain perception.

Oxycodone-Acetaminophen

Opioid pain relief combined with acetaminophen for fever and pain relief.

Naloxone

Opioid antagonist that reverses opioid effects.

Methadone

Long-acting opioid agonist that prevents withdrawal and reduces cravings.

Tramadol

Has weak opioid activity and inhibits serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake.

Latanoprost

Prostaglandin analog that increases aqueous outflow, decreasing IOP.

Timolol

Beta-blocker eye drop that decreases aqueous humor production, lowering IOP.

Atropine

Anticholinergic that dries secretions, increases heart rate, and dilates pupils.

Acetylcysteine

Replenishes glutathione to protect the liver from acetaminophen toxicity.

Isoflurane

Inhaled anesthetic causing CNS depression and general anesthesia.

Nitrous Oxide

Inhaled gas providing analgesia and sedation.

Dantrolene

Decreases calcium release in skeletal muscle, relaxing the muscle.

Methohexital

Barbiturate anesthetic that causes CNS depression.

Propofol

GABA-mediated CNS depression resulting in rapid sedation/anesthesia.

Midazolam

Benzodiazepine that increases GABA, resulting in sedation/amnesia.

Diazepam

Benzodiazepine that causes sedation, anxiolysis, and muscle relaxation.

Ketamine

NMDA antagonist that produces dissociative anesthesia.

Fentanyl

Opioid agonist providing strong analgesia.

Dexmedetomidine

Alpha-2 agonist providing sedation with less respiratory depression.

Vecuronium

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker causing skeletal muscle paralysis.

Succinylcholine

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker causing rapid paralysis.

Ondansetron

Blocks 5-HT3 serotonin receptors, preventing nausea/vomiting.

Bethanechol

Muscarinic agonist contracting bladder and increasing GI motility.

Chloroprocaine

Ester local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels for numbness.

Lidocaine

Class IB sodium channel blocker used to suppress ventricular dysrhythmias.

Lactated Ringers

Isotonic crystalloid expanding intravascular volume.

0.9% NaCl

Isotonic saline that expands vascular volume.

3% Saline

Hypertonic saline that raises sodium levels by pulling water into the bloodstream.

10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)

Provides glucose calories and treats/prevents hypoglycemia.

0.45% saline

Hypotonic fluid that moves water into cells.

Albumin

Colloid protein that pulls fluid into the bloodstream.

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Binds potassium in the gut and facilitates its removal in stool.

Calcium Chloride

Replaces calcium and stabilizes the cardiac membrane in hyperkalemia.

Potassium Chloride

Replaces potassium to correct hypokalemia.

Calcium Carbonate

Calcium supplement and antacid increasing calcium and neutralizing acid.

Calcium Gluconate

Replaces calcium and stabilizes the heart in hyperkalemia.

Magnesium Oxide

Magnesium replacement with antacid/laxative effect.

Magnesium Sulfate

Replaces magnesium while relaxing smooth muscle and causing CNS depression.

Insulin Lispro

Rapid insulin that quickly moves glucose into cells.

Regular Insulin

Short-acting insulin that helps move glucose into cells.

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)

Intermediate insulin for delayed glucose control.

Insulin glargine

Long-acting basal insulin for steady glucose control.

Metformin

Decreases liver glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity.

Glipizide

Sulfonylurea stimulating the pancreas to release insulin.

Canagliflozin

SGLT2 inhibitor increasing glucose loss in urine.

Sitagliptin

DPP-4 inhibitor increasing incretins for more insulin and less glucagon.

Semaglutide

GLP-1 agonist that increases glucose-dependent insulin and slows gastric emptying.

Propylthiouracil

Blocks thyroid hormone synthesis and T4 to T3 conversion.

Levothyroxine

Replaces thyroid hormone to increase metabolism.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide diuretic increasing sodium and water loss to decrease BP.

Furosemide

Loop diuretic causing strong sodium and water loss.

Spironolactone

Aldosterone antagonist that spares potassium and removes water.

Captopril

ACE inhibitor decreasing angiotensin II and aldosterone to reduce BP.

Enalapril

ACE inhibitor reducing angiotensin II to lower blood pressure.

Losartan

ARB that blocks angiotensin II receptors to reduce BP.

Amlodipine

Calcium channel blocker that causes vasodilation to decrease BP.

Diltiazem

Calcium channel blocker that decreases HR and conduction while vasodilating.

Propranolol

Nonselective beta blocker decreasing HR and BP.

Metoprolol

Beta-1 blocker that decreases HR and BP.

Digoxin

Cardiac glycoside increasing contractility and decreasing HR.

Quinidine

Class IA sodium channel blocker that slows cardiac conduction.

Lidocaine (IV)

Class IB sodium channel blocker suppressing ventricular dysrhythmias.

Flecainide

Class IC sodium channel blocker that slows conduction.

Amiodarone

Class III antiarrhythmic that prolongs repolarization and stabilizes rhythm.

Nitroglycerin

Nitrate causing venodilation and reducing cardiac workload.

Heparin

Activates antithrombin to prevent clot growth.

Protamine Sulfate

Binds and reverses heparin.

Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)

Inhibits factor Xa to prevent clot growth.

Warfarin

Inhibits vitamin K clotting factors to prevent clot formation.

Vitamin K

Promotes synthesis of clotting factors and reverses warfarin.

Apixaban

Direct factor Xa inhibitor preventing clot formation.

Dabigatran

Direct thrombin inhibitor preventing clot formation.

Clopidogrel

P2Y12 antiplatelet preventing platelets from sticking.

Alteplase

Thrombolytic that breaks down fibrin clot.

Atorvastatin

Statin that decreases liver cholesterol production.

Cholestyramine

Bile acid sequestrant that binds bile and lowers LDL.

Fenofibrate

Fibrate that decreases triglycerides.

Ezetimibe

Blocks intestinal cholesterol absorption to lower LDL.

Cimetidine

H2 blocker that decreases stomach acid.

Omeprazole

PPI that strongly suppresses stomach acid.

Sucralfate

Forms protective barrier on ulcers.

Aluminum hydroxide

Antacid neutralizing stomach acid.

Magnesium hydroxide

Antacid that also acts as an osmotic laxative.

Sodium bicarbonate

Systemic antacid neutralizing acid.

Bismuth Subsalicylate

Coats GI tract and has antimicrobial effects.

Scopolamine

Anticholinergic preventing motion sickness.

Hydrocodone

Opioid agonist that suppresses cough and decreases pain.

Codeine

Opioid that suppresses cough center and decreases pain.

Guaifenesin

Expectorant that thins secretions.

Diphenhydramine

1st gen H1 blocker reducing allergy symptoms.

Loratadine

2nd gen H1 blocker reduces allergy symptoms.

Fexofenadine

Newer H1 blocker decreasing allergy symptoms.

Albuterol

SABA beta-2 agonist providing fast bronchodilation.

Salmeterol

LABA beta-2 agonist providing long asthma control.

Ipratropium

Anticholinergic inhaler that blocks bronchoconstriction.