ch 13: teeth

- homodont

- polyphyodont

- acrodont

list the common characteristics of fish teeth

- homodont

- polyphyodont

- acrodont or pleurodont

list the common characteristics of amphibian teeth

- heterodont

- diphyodont

- thecodont

list the common characteristics of mammal teeth

- homodont or heterodont

- polyphyodont or diphyodont

- acrodont, pleurodont, or thecodont

list the common characteristics of reptile teeth

birds and reptiles such as turtles

what groups of organisms have no teeth

crown, root, alveolus

what are the major parts of a tooth

enamel, dentine, cementum, pulp cavity

what are tooth tissue types

exposed portion of the tooth above the gingiva (gumline)

what is the crown of a tooth

the embedded portion in the jaw

what is the root of a tooth

the socket in the jawbone holding the tooth

what is the alveolus of a tooth

- hardest tissue in mammals

- covers and protects the crown

- protects dentine above the gingiva

what is enamel

- same composition as enamel but organic and softer

- surrounds the pulp cavity

- can dissolve away; protected by enamel and cementum

what is dentine

- bony material surrounding the root

- protects dentine below the gingiva

what is cementum

where nerves and blood vessels are

what is pulp cavity

homodont and heterodont

tooth classifications based on appearance

acrodont, pleurodont, and thecodont

tooth classifications based on attachment to jaw

polyphyodont, diphyodont, and monophyodont

tooth classifications based on replacement patterns

brachydont and hypsodont

tooth classifications based on crown height

- teeth of the same shape

- fish, amphibians, reptiles

what is homodont dentition

- teeth with different shapes and specialized structures

- mammals

what is heterodont dentition

teeth attached to surface of jaws by connective tissue (fish and amphibians)

what is acrodont dentition

teeth attached to the inside of jaws by connective tissue (salamanders and reptiles)

what is pleurodont dentition

teeth anchored into a socket set into the bone (mammals)

what is thecodont dentition

- continuous succession of teeth throughout lifetime

- shark

what is polyphyodont dentition

- 2 sets of teeth during lifetime

- milk or deciduous teeth replaced by permenant teeth

- mammals

what is diphyodont dentition

- single set of teeth retained throughout lifetime

- whales, marsupials

what is monophyodont dentition

- incisors (biting, cutting, stripping)

- canines (seizing, piercing, and tearing)

- premolars (grindin, crushing, shearing, and slicing)

- molars (grinding and crushing)

what are the four types of teeth present in heterodont dentition and what is each one adapted for

shorthand method for indicating the type, number, and position of teeth in the mouth

what is a dental formula

- eat animals (meat and flesh)

- sharp ripping teeth (incisors and canines)

- jagged premolars and molars (carnassials)

describe the general teeth characteristics of carnivores

- eat plants

- wide, grinding teeth (premolars and molars)

- incisors modified to clip off grass

describe the general teeth characteristics of herbivores

- eat plants and animals

- carnivore like teeth in the front and herbivore like teeth in the back of mouth

describe the general teeth characteristics of omnivores

bunodont, lophodont, selenodont

tooth classifications based on cusp types on molar teeth

raised edges or peaks on occlusal surfaces (contacts opposing surfaces)

what is a cusp

- cusps form low rounded peaks on molar surface

- omnivores (mammals and pigs)

what is a bunodont tooth

- cusps drawn out into horizontal straight ridges that run labial to lingual

- rodents

what is a lophodont tooth

- cusps form crescent shaped ridges that run anterior to posterior

- herbivores (deer and cow)

what is a selenodont tooth

aglyphous, solenoglyphous, proteroglyphous, opisthoglyphous

what are modifications of snake teeth

no modifications for venom delivery (non venomous snakes)

what are aglyphous fangs in snakes

retractable fangs for venom delivery (rattlesnakes, cotton mouth)

what are solenoglyphous fangs in snakes

non retractable fangs in the front of the mouth for venom delivery (coral snake)

what are proteroglyphous fangs in snakes

non retractable fangs in the back of the mouth; not for venom delivery (hognose snake)

what are opisthoglyphous fangs in snakes