Health Science Unit 1 Test Review

1900

Country Doctors

1950

Vaccinations

2000

Organ Transplants

What were medical advancements from 100 years ago?

Doctors could diagnose and provide information, but generally unable to cure disease.

What were medical advancements from 50 years ago?

Better drugs such as penicillin and insulin. X-rays and vaccination available.

What are medical advancements made today?

1. More advanced technological treatments available. 2. Further advancements and discoveries constantly being made.

What are three differences between doctors from a century ago and today?

1. A century ago, doctors made home visits.
2. A century ago, doctors could not cure disease, and now doctors are able to use life-saving treatments.
3. A century ago, doctors did not have enough hospitals to improve their patients’ treatments.

Is there a greater acceptance of a holistic approach to the treatment of disease?

Yes

Holistic care

Therapies that treat the patient as a whole person after assessing the individual’s physical, social, mental, and spiritual well-being. Includes many alternative, complementary, and integrative therapies

Accreditation

official recognition from a professional association that an educational program meets minimum educational standards for an occupation

alternative, complementary, integrative therapies

healthcare practices and treatments that minimize or avoid the use of surgery and drugs

aneurysms

conditions characterized by weakened blood vessels, which can then burst.

Antioxidant

a substance that promotes good health by reducing cell deterioration and may contribute to disease prevention

career clusters

groups of similar occupations and industries that share a core set of basic knowledge and skills for all workers.

career ladder

a sequence of job positions progressing from entry-level to higher levels of responsibility and authority based on education, experience, and performance

career pathways

smaller groups of specialized occupations within a career cluster that require more specific sets of knowledge, skills, and training

catheters

tube-shaped medical devices that can be inserted into blood vessels or body cavities for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

chronic

refers to a disease or condition that is long-lasting and potentially lifelong

colonoscopy

a screening test that examines the inner surface of the colon

coronary

relating to the arteries that supply blood to the heart

credentials

documents proving a person's qualifications for a particular occupation

gene therapy

insertion of a new gene to replace abnormal or defective gene

genomic medicine

personalized medical care that uses a patient's unique combination of genes and chromosomes to prevent illness and maintain health

holistic care

therapies that treat the patient as a whole person after assessing the individual's physical, social, mental, and spiritual well-being

in vitro

a fertilization process that takes place in a test tube, or otherwise outside the body

infusion

injection of drugs or another solution directly into a vein

laparoscopic

pertaining to operations that use tubes with cameras and tools attached to them and require very small incisions

mammogram

X-rays that test for breast cancer

metabolize

to process a substance through metabolism

molecular imaging

a technique that provides detailed pictures of what is happening inside the body at the molecular and cellular level.

Nanotechnology

a field of science that manipulates individual atoms and molecules to create devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies allow

National Health Science Standards

standards determined by the National Consortium for Health Science Education, which describe the skills that workers need to succeed in healthcare careers

outpatient procedures

surgeries that allow patients to leave the hospital shortly after a procedure has been completed.

pacemakers

devices used to regulate heartbeats

postsecondary education

education past high school that can be obtained at community colleges, vocational or technical colleges, public and private colleges and universities, institutes of technology, and career colleges.

regenerative medicine

a form of medical care that creates living tissue to replace tissue or organ functions lost due to age, disease, injury, or birth disorder

stent

a tubular support that is sued to keep arteries, blood vessels, canals, or ducts open to aid healing or prevent and obstruction.

telesurgery

a surgical technique that combines a reliable telephone line and multimedia image communication with robotic equipment and a skilled surgeon who is a considerable distance from the patient.

Western medicine

the most common form of medical care in the United States, which uses medication and surgery to treat the signs and symptoms of illness

Genomic Medicine

Could be used to develop designer vaccines for a specific person. We can now use several genetic tests to see what patients are predispositioned for cancer. Such as lung, colon, and breast cancer.

What types of diseases might genomic medicine be used to treat?

1. hepatitis B
2. heart disease
3. cancer

Regenerative Medicine

1. Uses stem cells to create new tissue
2. Could help treat heart disease and diabetes. Ex: Viens, Bladder, Bone. Kidney is soon possible and other complex organs.

Medical imaging:

CT scans, MRI machines, ultrasound techniques

In the future technology:

virtual colonoscopy, molecular imaging

Miniaturization Technology:

pacemakers, stents, nanotechnology

In the future technology

nanotechnology could develop devices to deliver drugs or kill cancer cells

Surgery

catheters, laparoscopic operations, increased outpatient procedures, telesurgery

Medical records

increased use of electronic health records

In the future medical records

records may be contained on a medical card with a pin number or a chip that can be scanned

5 Health Science Career Pathways

1. Health Informatics Services
2. Therapeutic Services
3. Diagnostic Services
4. Support Services
5. Biotechnology Research and Development

Health Informatics

Field of science and engineering that aims at developing methods and technologies for the acquisition, processing, and study of patient data, which can come from different sources and modalities, such as electronic health records, diagnostic test results, medical scans.

Health Informatics Jobs

1. Health Informatics Specialist.
2. Clinical Informatics Analyst.
3. Health Informatics Consultant.
4. EHR Implementation Manager.
5. Health Information Technology Project Manager.
6. Chief Medical Information Officer.

Therapeutics Services

Focused primarily on changing the health status of the patient over time. Health professionals in this pathway work directly with patients; they may provide care, treatment, counseling, and health education information.

Therapeutics Services Jobs

1. Nurses.
2. Respiratory Therapist
3. Physical therapists.
4. Speech language pathologists.
5. Surgical technicians.
6. Athletic trainers.
7. Home health aides.
8. Audiologists.
9. Anesthesiologists.

Diagnostic Services

Facilitates the provision of timely, cost-effective, and high-quality diagnostic care in safe and secure environments. It includes the clinical services of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine

Diagnostic Services Jobs

1. EKG technician.
2. Phlebotomist.
3. Radiology technician.
4. Ultrasound technician.
5. Dental laboratory technician.

Support Services

They have a crucial role in mitigation of infection and delivery of safe care to the patients. The spectrum of hospital supportive services encompasses linen & laundry, dietary, Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), transport hospital stores, mortuary and engineering services

Biotechnology Research and Development

Involve bioscience research and development as it applies to human health. These scientists may study diseases to discover new treatments or invent medical devices used to directly assist patients or to improve the accuracy of diagnostic tests.

How many jobs does the Bureau of Labor Statistics predict will be added from 2012 to 2022?

5 million jobs

How many occupations out of 30 that are expected to grow are in healthcare?

14 out of 30

Do most jobs require education beyond a high school diploma?

Yes

Certification

awarded after completing a course of study

Licensure

given after passing a licensure exam

Registration

added to an official registry after passing an exam and have the correct qualifications

What are the benefits of obtaining credentials?

1. Legal ability to perform the duties of your job
2. Employers often prefer a job candidate with credentials
3. Renewing credentials enable you to stay up-to-date on healthcare industry developments

What are the 11 Healthcare Foundation Standards?

Academic Foundation, Communication, Systems, Employability Skills, Legal Responsibilities, Ethics, Safety Practices, Teamwork, Health Maintenance Practices, Technical Skills, and Information Technology Applications.

What Is Health Informatics Services?

A career pathway that involves working with medical and healthcare information, including medical records, data, and statistics

What do health informatics workers do?

1. Use information technology (IT) to acquire, store, retrieve, and use medical information
2. Use communications skills to maintain records and share

What personal traits and interests make someone a good fit for a career in health informatics services?

1. Organized
2. Detail-oriented
3. Good speller
4. Trustworthy
5. Positive attitude and professional appearance
6. Interest in working with computers and able to adapt quickly to changing technology
7. More interested in working with medical information than interacting directly with patients

Health Informatics Services include 3 main career categories:

Health Information Management, Health Information Technology, Health Informatics.

Health Information Management

Works with the medical record

Health Information Technology

Works with computer systems

Health Informatics

Combines HIM and HIT to improve medical care

Health Information Management (HIM)

Workers assemble and organize patient information to create a medical record

A medical record includes:

1. medical history
2. family medical history
3. personal identifying information such as a Social Security number

Health Information Technicians

Specialize in different areas of health information management. Jobs require an associate’s degree and certification

Medical coding specialists

assign a numerical code to each diagnosis or procedure in a patient’s medical record. These codes are used to determine coverage by insurance, Medicaid, or Medicare.

Medical transcriptionists

(now often called speech recognition editors) listen to audio recordings of patient care dictated by a physician and ensure that the information is written down accurately in the patient’s medical record.

How has computer technology changed careers in health information management?

1. Medical records are now commonly stored electronically, on a computer database, so health information technicians must be adept at using computers or tablets.
2. Some jobs have changed completely; for example, voice-recognition software has changed the job of medical transcriptionists, who are now known as speech recognition editors.

Registered Health Information Administrator

manages patient health information and medical records

Registered Health Information Technician

ensures that medical records are complete, accurate, and entered in the correct format

Certified Coding Associates

qualified to code in both hospitals and physician practices

Certified Coding Specialist

skilled in coding patient medical record data in the hospital setting

Health Information Technology (HIT)

1. Workers maintain the computer hardware and software used to store and access health information
2. May design software and repair glitches
3. Trained in computer science and hold a bachelor’s degree
4. HIT careers include: data analyst, systems analyst, clinical information system specialist

Health Informatics (HI)

1. New field that combines health information management and technology (HIM and HIT)
2. Health informaticists develop information systems and study electronic health data to improve patient care
3. Requires knowledge of computer science, data science, and healthcare or business
4. Bachelor’s or master’s degree required

Health Informatics Fields

Medical informatics, nursing informatics, public health informatics, applied informatics

Medical informatics:

physician research

Nursing informatics:

clinical research

Public health informatics:

systems to track diseases and threats to public health

Applied informatics:

the movement of data in an electronic environment

HIM, HIT, and HI. How are they similar? How are they different?

1. All three fields deal with medical and healthcare data and information.
2. HIM focuses on the information in the medical record, while HIT focuses on developing and maintaining the technology used to store and access medical records. HI combines both fields.
3. Workers in each field require a different level of education and expertise.