Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions: Key Concepts and Chemistry Principles
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28 Terms
a solution?
A homogeneous mixture containing a solute and solvent.
a solute?
The substance being dissolved.
a solvent?
The substance doing the dissolving.
the difference between a solution, suspension, and colloid?
A solution is homogeneous, a suspension is heterogeneous with particles that settle out, and a colloid is heterogeneous with particles that do not settle out and scatter light.
the Tyndall Effect
If light is scattered when shining through the substance, it is a colloid.
an electrolyte?
A substance that forms a solution that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
a nonelectrolyte?
A substance that does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Why does solid NaCl not conduct electricity, but a solution of NaCl does?
In solution, the ions are able to move around.
How to increase the rate of dissolution of a solute?
Increase surface area, agitate the solution, or increase solvent temperature.
dissolution?
The process of dissolving.
crystallization?
The process of coming out of solution.
a saturated solution?
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature.
an unsaturated solution?
A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute.
a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature.
What happens if you add more solute to a saturated solution?
It will not dissolve; it remains undissolved.
'like dissolves like'
It refers to the principle that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes.
when a substance is miscible?
It means the substances are mutually soluble in all proportions.
a substance is immiscible?
It means the substances are not soluble in each other.
Does pressure affect the solubility of solids in liquids?
No, but it does affect the solubility of gases in liquids.
Henry's Law?
The solubility of gases in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.
effervescence?
The scientific name for bubbling, such as in soda.
How does an increase in temperature affect the solubility of gases in water?
It decreases the solubility of gases.
How does an increase in temperature affect the solubility of solids in water?
It generally increases the solubility of solids.
the enthalpy of solution?
The amount of energy absorbed or released when a solute dissolves in a specific amount of solvent.
dissociation?
The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.
a precipitate?
A solid produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution.
a net ionic equation?
An equation that includes only those compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.
a spectator ion?
Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction.