Vessels terms Bio242 N Jones

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Endothelium

The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines all vessels

Vasa Vasorum

Minute vessels found within the tunica adventitia of large vessels

What is another name for Tunica Externa?

Tunica Adventitia

Veins

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart

Capillaries

The vessels through which nutrients and wastes are exchanged

Vasomotor Fibers

The sympathetic neurons that supply impulses to the smooth muscle of the tunica media

Baroreceptors are also known as what?

Sinuses

Baroreceptors (sinuses)

Sensory receptors within the aorta and carotid arteries that monitor blood pressure

Chemoreceptors are also known as what?

Bodies

Chemoreceptors (bodies)

Sensory receptors within the aorta and carotid arteries that monitor blood chemical levels

Arterioles

Smallest of the arteries (resistance vessels) that regulate flow into capillaries

What are considered the "resistance vessels"?

Arterioles

Metabolic autoregulation

When arterioles dilate in response to the build-up of metabolic waste locally

Myogenic autoregulation

When arterioles constrict or dilate in response to stretch of their smooth muscle

Anastomoses

A connection between blood vessels with no capillaries between

Continuous capillary

Capillaries with no pores in its wall. . Found in muscle, skin, and lungs

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Muscle, Skin, & Lungs

Fenestrated capillary

Capillaries with pores in its wall. Found in intestines, kidney, and pancreas

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Intestines, Kidney, & Pancreas

Discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillary

Capillaries with large gaps in its wall. Found in the liver, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs

What are discontinuous capillaries also known as?

Sinusoidal

Where are discontinuous capillaries found?

Liver, Bone Marrow, & Lymphoid

Blood hydrostatic pressure

The pressure of blood inside the capillary, pushing against the inside of the capillary wall

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

The pressure of the tissue fluid pushing on the outside of the capillary wall

Blood osmotic (oncotic) pressure

Pressure created by the solutes within the blood

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Pressure created by the solutes within the tissue fluid

Varicose veins

Occur when venous valves fail and vein becomes distended and twisted

Pulmonary circuit (division)

Blood flow pattern that delivers blood flow from the right side of the heart, to the lungs, and back to the left side of the heart

Pulmonary edema

The accumulation of fluid within the lungs

Pulmonary embolism

A blood clot that travels to the lungs and becomes lodged within a vessel in the lungs

Mitral stenosis

Narrowing of the mitral valve. Leads to a back up of blood into the lungs

Coronary circulation

The blood flow pattern that supplies blood to the brain (includes Circle of Willis)

Hepatic Portal circulation

The blood flow pattern that supplies blood to the liver

Systolic pressure

Pressure within the arteries that results from contraction of the left ventricle

Diastolic pressure

Pressure within the arteries that results from relaxation of the left ventricle

Pulse pressure

Systole - Diastolic pressure

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

The average pressure in the systemic arteries.

What is a good indicator of tissue perfusion?

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Peripheral resistance

Friction between the blood and the vessel wall

Arteriosclerosis

The hardening and narrowing of a vessel wall

Renin

Hormone produced by the kidney in response to low blood pressure

Angiotensin II

A powerful vasoconstrictor

What stimulates the release of aldosterone & ADH?

Angiotensin II

Aldoesterone

Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

What causes sodium retention to help increase blood pressure?

Aldosterone

ADH

Hormone release by the posterior pituitary.

What causes water retention to help increase blood pressure?

ADH

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Hormone produced by the atria in response to stretch from high blood pressure.

What helps to lower blood pressure?

Atrial Natriuretic peptide