FFI IFSTA 8th Edition Chapter 12: Tactical Ventilation

On flat roofs, the most common types of ventilation openings are:

square or rectangular

Which type of ventilation uses fans, blowers, and smoke ejectors to create negative or positive pressure?

Mechanical ventilation

When cutting a hole in a roof to ventilate a structure,:

work with the wind at your back or side.

Which type of ventilation involves creating openings in a roof or using existing openings to channel smoke, hot gases, and products of combustion out of the structure?

Vertical ventilation

Which type of roof cut consists of a single cut in the roof surface and provides information on whether smoke and flame is escaping the cut?

Kerf cut

Which type of ventilation involves opening doors and windows to allow normal air currents and pressure differences to remove smoke and heat from a building?

Natural ventilation

During preincident planning, tactical ______ ventilation in high-rise buildings must be considered.

vertical

In a positive-pressure attack, high-volume fans are used to:

create a slightly higher pressure in adjacent compartments.

Which tool might be used for pulling or opening ceilings during ventilation?

Pike pole

The planned, systematic, and coordinated removal of heated air, smoke, gases, or other airborne contaminants from a structure and replacing them with cooler or fresher air is known as:

tactical ventilation.

Which type of roof cut is created ahead of the fire's spread?

Trench cut

Most windowless buildings require _____ ventilation for the removal of smoke.

mechanical

Which type of ventilation uses water streams to ventilate compartments and create pressure differences?

Hydraulic ventilation

If the existing ventilation can support fire growth, _____ may occur less than five minutes after ignition.

flashover

When ventilating a structure fire, firefighters should assume the:

fire inside the structure is ventilation-limited.

Striking a roof with a tool will:

only determine if its sheathing is intact.

If a basement has ground-level windows or below-ground windows in wells, _____ ventilation can be employed effectively.

If a basement has ground-level windows or below-ground windows in wells, _____ ventilation can be employed effectively.

A spongy roof on a structure during a fire is an indicator:

of possible roof collapse.

The primary mode of heat transfer from one compartment to another in a structure fire is:

convection.

The two main considerations for positive-pressure attack (PPA) are:

fire location and exhaust-to-intake size ratio.

When might hoselines and nozzles be used in ventilation operations?

During hydraulic ventilation operations

The most common types of ventilation openings made in a flat roof are:

square or rectangular openings.

Indications of possible roof collapse include:

spongy roofs.

When attempting wind assisted ventilation,:

windows and doors on the downwind side of the structure should be opened first.

Sounding a roof includes:

striking the roof with a tool to see if the sheathing is intact.

The goal of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) is to increase the pressure:

inside the structure to a level that is higher than the pressure of the exterior of the structure.

To prevent rapid fire development from occurring,:

ventilation must be coordinated with the appropriate water stream techniques.

In order to control the flow path and fire during a positive-pressure attack (PPA):

the size of the exhaust opening must exceed the size of the intake to the fire compartment.

How is negative pressure used to ventilate a structure?

Artificial air flow is used to pull smoke from the structure or to enhance natural ventilation.

Ventilating slate or tile-covered pitched roofs may require:

removing the individual roofing tiles before ventilating.

The failure of windows, doors, and structural members as a result of heat/fire exposure is known as ____ ventilation.

unplanned

One limitation of mechanical ventilation is that it:

requires more resources and personnel than natural ventilation.

When using PPV to ventilate a multistory building, it is best to apply positive pressure at the:

lowest point, ground level.

Cutting a hole in the roof above a fire is an example of:

vertical ventilation.

Ventilating basement fires must be coordinated with fire attack because they are likely to be:

ventilation limited.

When ventilation does NOT release heat and smoke directly above the fire:

some routing of the smoke becomes necessary.

A responsibility of the roof ventilation team leader includes:

coordinating the team's efforts with those of firefighters inside the building.

The triangle cut and kerf cut are examples of:

inspection holes.

The use of negative-pressure ventilation (NPV):

requires the opening around the ventilation fan to be sealed.

Ventilation without coordination can lead to:

flashover

When performing a positive-pressure attack (PPA), the fan must create:

enough pressure to force smoke and heat to the desired exhaust openings.

Pike poles may be used during ventilation to:

pull or open ceilings.

Unless identified during pre-fire planning or size-up, firefighters should assume that any structure fire is ventilation-limited and:

the structure itself consists of lightweight construction.

One advantage of using mechanical ventilation to clear contaminated atmospheres is that it:

promotes good public relations.

What is the purpose of a kerf cut?

To show whether or not smoke or flame is escaping from the cut

Like other fire fighting tools and equipment, ventilation tools and equipment should:

receive routine inspection and maintenance.

Controlling available flow paths includes:

closing any doors as much as the hoselines in use will allow.

If a basement has ground-level windows or even below-ground-level windows in wells:

horizontal ventilation can be employed effectively.

The feasibility of opening a floor during a fire fighting operation depends upon:

how it was constructed and from what material.

When opening the roof of a ventilation limited structure fire, firefighters should simultaneously:

direct water on the fire.

When ventilating shingle-covered pitched roofs, cut:

a few inches (mm) below the peak on the downwind side.

What is an advantage of a trench cut?

It can be used to establish a defensive position in the attic space for fire attack.

When performing vertical ventilation, personnel:

may be working above the fire.

One disadvantage of hydraulic ventilation is that:

firefighters operating the nozzle must remain in the heated, hazardous atmosphere throughout the operation.

In order to remain safe during vertical ventilation, personnel should:

make sure the angle of the cut is away from the body when using a power saw.

If the roof begins to lose integrity during roof ventilation operations, personnel should:

evacuate the roof immediately and notify Command.

What is one advantage of using positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) over negative-pressure ventilation (NPV)?

PPV blowers can be set up without firefighters having to enter a smoke-filled environment.

When conducting tactical vertical ventilation in high-rise buildings, stairwells should:

be controlled to prevent occupants from entering ventilation stairwells.

Tactical ventilation should be coordinated with an emphasis on:

controlling oxygen availability.

Because there are more occupants in high-rise buildings than in other structures,:

life safety considerations during ventilation are an even higher priority.

To perform hydraulic ventilation, firefighters will need to:

use a spray stream from a fog nozzle.

Which type of structural elements may be identified as elements that contribute to roof failure during a fire?

Lightweight roof trusses

Which type of ventilation uses atmospheric conditions to remove smoke and heat through doors or windows, and may require no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain?

Natural horizontal ventilation

Creating negative pressure for horizontal mechanical ventilation means:

artificially lowering the pressure inside the structure.

A trench cut is usually ordered when:

the IC has determined that the main body of the fire is too large to extinguish.

Windowless buildings usually require ____ ventilation for the removal of smoke.

mechanical

Tactical ventilation can be used to assist in the incident priority of life safety by:

altering the exhaust portion of the flow path away from trapped occupants.

When assessing the integrity of a roof,:

continue to check the roof ahead of your progress as you cross it.

Because fires inside structures are almost always _____, tactical ventilation may provide the fire with the necessary oxygen to grow.

ventilation-limited