AAS midterm

What is an empire?

A system where a powerful country controls other regions politically, economically, or militarily.

What are push factors?

Reasons people leave (war, poverty, famine).

What are pull factors?

Reasons people come (jobs, money, opportunity).

Why was Hawai‘i important for Asian migration?

It was a gateway with plantation jobs and easier access to the U.S.

What did labor contractors/brokers do?

Recruited and transported workers, often controlling wages.

What are the 5 main sending countries?

China, Japan, Philippines, Korea, India.

What is nativism?

Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.

What is racial Anglo-Saxonism?

Belief that white Anglo-Saxons are superior.

What is anti-radicalism?

Fear of immigrants’ political ideas.

What is anti-Catholicism?

Discrimination against Catholics.

What were the two phases of the anti-Chinese movement?

1) Economic fear 2) Legal exclusion.

What was the Union Label boycott?

Encouraged buying only from white workers.

What was the Rock Springs Massacre (1885)?

White miners killed Chinese workers.

What was the Turlock Incident (1921)?

Violence against Japanese workers.

What did the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) do?

Banned Chinese immigration.

What were Alien Land Laws?

Prevented Asians from owning land.

What were anti-miscegenation laws?

Banned interracial marriage.

What did the Cable Act (1922) do?

Women lost citizenship if they married non-citizens.

What did the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) do?

Limited Filipino immigration.

What happened in People v. Hall (1854)?

Chinese could not testify against whites.

What was Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886)?

Laws must be applied equally.

What was Ozawa v. U.S. (1922)?

Japanese not considered white.

What was U.S. v. Thind (1923)?

Indians not considered white.

What was Wong Kim Ark about?

Birthright citizenship.

Why is the 14th Amendment important?

Guarantees citizenship if born in the U.S.

What was the War of 1898?

U.S. gained overseas territories like the Philippines.

Why is the Philippine-American War important?

Led to Filipino migration.

Why did Koreans migrate?

Japanese invasion of Korea.

What were the Insular Cases (1901)?

Said territories don’t get full rights.

What was the message of the 1904 World’s Fair?

White superiority and progress.

What was the Philippine Reservation?

Displayed Filipinos as 'primitive.'

What challenges did Chinese railroad workers face?

Dangerous work, racism, low pay.

Who was Donaldina Cameron?

Helped Chinese women escape exploitation.

Who was Sidney Gulick?

Supported Japanese Americans.

Who was Harvey Guy?

Anti-Asian activist.

Why did anti-Asian groups use boycotts?

To economically harm Asian workers.

Why did Chinese immigrants break exclusion laws?

Laws were unjust; they needed to survive.

Effect of Alien Land Laws on Japanese Americans?

Used children’s names to own land.

Who supported Asian immigration?

Business owners (needed cheap labor).

Who opposed it?

Workers and labor unions.

What are examples of anti-Asian discrimination?

Exclusion laws, violence, segregation, land restrictions.

How were Asians stereotyped?

Seen as inferior, exotic, or immoral.