Lab 11 Quiz

Mycology

the study of fungi - yeasts and moulds

True fungi are split into 4 groups based on sexual modes of reproduction:

1. Zygomycetes

2. Ascomycetes

3. Basidiomycetes

4. Deuteromycetes

Zygomycetes

reproductive spores are external and uncovered

• sexual spores = zygospores

• asexual spores = sporangiospores

Bread and terrestrial moulds are examples of __.

zygomycetes

Ascomycetes

sexual spores are protected by ascus

• sexual spores = ascospores

• asexual spores = conidia

__ is a sac-like structure which produces ascospores.

Ascus

Yeasts and moulds are examples of __.

ascomycetes

Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes are capable of performing both…

sexual and asexual reproduction

Basidiomycetes

reproductive spores are separate from basidia

• reproductive spores - basidiospores

Basidiomycetes use __ reproduction only.

sexual

Basidia

stalk-like structures that produce basidiospores

Fleshy fungi, toadstools, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi are all examples of __.

Basidiomycetes

Deuteromycetes

NO sexual reproductive phase has been observed

• Fungi imperfect

Fungi are __-trophic and __-karyotic

1. heterotrophic

2. eukaryotic

Fungi Advantages (4):

1. some edible

2. moulds in cheese production

3. moulds in Abx production

4. Yeast in bread-making and brewing

Fungi Disadvantages (4):

1. fungi cause food to spoil

2. some poisonous - Amanita

3. fungi cause plant disease

4. some cause human disease

Moulds are major fungal organisms seen by…

the naked-eye

Mycelium

intertwining branching mat

Hyphae

filaments that compose the mycelium

The mycelium grows on/in the nutrient medium surface to __, mycelium known as __.

extract nutrients; vegetative mycelium

Mats (mycelium) that rise upward are known as…

aerial mycelium

Vegetative hyphae produce __.

spores

Sporangiophores produce __.

Sporangiospores

Conidiophores produce __.

conidia

Hyphae produce __.

Chlamydospores

Ascus produce __.

Ascospores

Basidium produce __.

basidiospores

Yeast characteristics:

• microscopic fungi - single oval cells

• very common in environment

• ferment carbohydrates to alcohol

• budding

• colourless and smooth

Mould characteristics:

• growth forms of fungus - grows in hyphae

• damp, dark or steam-filled areas

• sexual or asexual reproduction

• fuzzy appearance

• may be green, black, pink, purple, orange, or brown

Candida is a human pathogen that is responsible for…

superficial and systematic infections

Focus of lab were Candida __ and Candida __

• albicans

• auris

C. albicans and auris are the most common causes of __, __, and __ infections

blood, throat, and vaginal

Candida typically lives on __ and in __.

skin; body

__ assist with controlling the growth of Candida species within the body.

Resident bacteria

__ is an opportunistic commensal pathogen, while __ is a nosocomial pathogen.

Albans; Auris

Germ tube test differentiates…

between C albicans and other yeast.

C albicans grown in human or sheep serum at __ºC for __ hours produces Germ tubes.

37ºC; 3 hours

A germ tube is a

filamentous growth extending from yeast cells

Germ tube formation is associated with increased synthesis of…

proteins or ribonucleic acid

The germ tube test is performed in a solution of __ and __ which are required for synthesis of essential proteins.

• tryptic soy broth

• fetal bovine serum