Ancient China & Japan- Social 9

Terrace Farming

the act of transforming a hill into a workable farmland

Monopoly

Boost economy and strengthen by selling products

Silk Road

The road where the Chinese use to trade with other countries like India and Rome

Mandate of Heaven

Was the right to rule by the gods the mandate could be lost if they use their power for bad

Dynastic Cycle

New Dynasty : peace in China, people are protected

Old Dynasty: harder taxes, stops protecting people

Problem: Natural like earthquakes, protests

Shang Dynasty

First dynasty, religious rulers, advanced technology- Math, Astronomy, Military

Zhou Dynasty

Longest Dynasty, Mandate of Heaven created, great Chinese philosopher lived

Qin Dynasty

Shortest Dynasty(15 years), building the Great Wall, introduced Legalism

Han Dynasty

Golden Age of Ancient China, Silk Road Developed, created civil service system

Yuan Dynasty

First foreign lead Dynasty by the Mongols

Ming Dynasty

Three hundred years, double population, cultural expansion

Feudalism

It is a cycle of the king giving the land to the nobles and the nobles protecting the land for the peasants to work on

Centralized Government

The power is only by the emperor, he controls everything

Bureaucracy

System of government where the nobles carry out different jobs for emperor still he can’t do it alone

Civil Service Exam

A exam the let people to help lead the government. Wealthy people could take the exam since it was expensive

Confucianism

Order, respect, and good behavior in society

Treat others the way you want to be treated

Filial Piety

Respect for your parents and your ancestors

Taoism

Living in harmony with nature

Find the Tao which is the ending of life

Yin & Yang

The way things are balanced like the black and white

Buddhism

Ending suffering and reaching enlightenment

Life involves suffering cause by desire

Karma

Actions affect future lives

Nirvana

a state of peace and freedom

Legalism

Harsh laws and strict rules. No room for freedom

Lunar New Year

15 day celebration to mark the beginning of the new Chinese year

Lunisolar Calendar

Combine monthly moon cycle with the year

Lion & Dragon dances

Dances the drive a way negative energy and bring good luck. It happens with performers in a parade with a dragon or lion costume

Chinese Zodiac

The animals are believed to influence personality and destiny, how people interact with others and themselves. The Chinese zodiac for me is a rabbit

Hànzì

Each letter represents a syllable or word and each character has its own meaning

Isolationism

Avoiding political violence with other countries

Archipelago

A group of islands like how Japan is

Jomon

Hunter gatherer society, the cord marker society, famous for pottery

Yayoi

Know for their bronze weapons, settlements become permeant, pottery becomes simpler

Kofun/Asuka

Was the period with building the Kofun tombs ( giant key shaped). Laid ground work for imperial government and central government

Nara

Was the name of the first capital city of Japan. Imperial government became organized

Heian

Peace period. Capital move to Heian, focused on culture, landowners and warrior clans gained power

Kamakura

Civil War- made the first military leader

Samurai became the dominant social class.

Kamikaze( Japan)

Where Japanese pilots would carry out suicide missions in WWII

Shogun

Rule on behalf of the emperor, military generals

Daimyo

Landowners of Japan

Samurai

Loyal warriors who protect the land and people

Bushido

The way of the warrior. The code that the samurai had to live by

Seppuku

This is the ritual suicide cause they didn’t uphold the Bushido. It was like a ceremony to died

Shinto

Old Japan religion, the age of the gods

Kami

Deity found in nature. Which is the home for them

Kana

Phonetic alphabet system in early Japanese history

Katakana

Shaper, angler writing style use in a more formal manner, it was use by scholars

Hiragana

Flowy curly, use for neutral use in the Japanese world, commonly use by women

Qin Shi Huang

The ruler of the Qin Dynasty he was a harsh ruler creating legalism to help with his harsh laws. He burn books that didn’t a line with his beliefs.

Prince Shotoku

He was know for fixing the government system and promoting Buddhism in Japan

How did the geographical features of ancient China keep it isolated from other areas of the world?

China had its two deserts; taklinaken Desert and the Gobi Desert, which keep people out. China also has the Himalayas which also keeps people out

Why was the Great Wall of China built? Who ordered it to be built, and when?

The Great Wall was built to keep the mongols out of China. It was built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties. It was Qin Shi Huang to coutine to build the wall

How was silk important to China’s development?

Silk was China main source of income cause no one knew how to make silk so they got a monopoly from silk producer

How was the mandate of heaven used to help overthrow dynasties?

The Mandate of Heaven help citizens to overthrow their rulers cause of the rulers unfair suffering to the citizens, nature disasters which were cause by them

Who was at the top of China’s social hierarchy? Why? Who was at the bottom? Why?

The person on the top of the China social is the emperor cause he is the figurehead and ruler of the nation. Merchants are at the bottom cause they just resell something someone else made so they contribute nothing to society

Why did China establish a bureaucracy?

The emperor couldn’t manage everything about rulering a nation so they hired people to help him

Why can Qin Shi Huang be considered both a tyrant and a reformer? Give specific examples.

Tyrant: strict rule& harsh laws, heavy burden of lador and taxes and brutal punishment to resistance

Reformer: unification of China, rule of law & new system, standardization and economic growth

Describe Japan’s landscape.

The whole islands of Japan are made of mountains and near the coast is water. The four islands are mountainous to; Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku

What is the Ring of Fire and how does this impact Japan?

The ring is a space that is where volcanoes and earthquakes happen. Japanese civilization had to build around this and how it affected its people

When was the first shogunate established in Japan?

The first shogunate was established in the Kamakura period but failed in 1333BCE

What were the samurai expected to do?

To protect their people and nation live by their moral code but if they didn’t they had to kill themselves

Were the Mongol invasions of Japan successful? Why or why not??

The mongol invasions weren’t successful cause of the help of typhoons