Reviews that we should remember Dr. Powers Lectures

Where do topicals target

The surface of the skin

How are topicals designed how to act

locally

What are the three major purposes for topical drug administration of medication

Hydrate the skin (ointments and creams)

Deliver medication to the skin locally

Protection of the skin (sunscreen)

What is the outer layer of the epidermis called?

stratum corneum

The layer below the epidermis is

the dermis

this is where you have blood vessels

A lot of absorptions happens in which layer of the skin

The dermis

What is the layer below the dermis

Subcutaneous layer

Where do lipophilic drugs accumulate

Subcutaneous layer

What is the primary way in which drugs penetrate the stratum corneum

Passive diffusion

If an area is well hydrated will the absorption rate increase or decrease

increase

What would heat do to an area related to drug absorption

increase

What is you gave a vasodilator what would this do to drug absorption

increase

Of these particular bases, which one would have the lowest ability to absorb water?

Hydrocarbons

Which would be less occlusive and less greasy

Water-soluble bases

What part of a PLO gel is where the lipophilic drugs are held

Lipolol

What particular topical dosage form has the highest amount of solid particles in it

Paste

ex. zinc oxide

What does camphor do when added to a product

Makes it water proof

What does castor oil do when added to a product

Makes it Flexible

What is the rate of absorptions in Transdermal products

It is predicable

Is the adhesive in transdermal systems important

yes because it needs to be water resistant

Should you apply a transdermal product to intact or non-intact skin

intact

A patient comes in an tells you they have have been placing patch on their shoulder but they have shoulder pain. Can they use a heating pad on the shoulder

No, heat will increase absorption

Do you need to place a patch in the same place as the last patch or does it need to be rotated

Rotated

Reservoir patches have what type of kinetics

Zero order

Once the concentration runs out in Matrix patches what happens to absorption

It will slow down

How does absorption in reservoir patches work

It has consistent absorption until the time you need to change the patch

Can all drugs be administer all drugs by transdermal way

No

You have a drug that has poor bioavailability, but it has a high 1st pass effect. Would this drug be good for a transdermal system

Yes

What would blinking or tear production do to the presence of ophthalmic drops that you just administers

it would wash them out

Do ophthalmic drugs have a long or short duration of action

Short

How about the onset of action for ophthalmic drugs

Fast

What is the percent of the drug of a drop that is actually absorbed

5%

Are ophthalmic drugs hypo,hyper or isotonic

Isotonic

What are they isotonic with?

Your tears

Do ophthalmic products need to be sterile

Yes

Do ear drops need to be sterile

No

Can you use ear drops in the eye

No

Can you use eye drops in the ear

Yes

Which would have the longest retention? Contact time.

Solution, suspension, Ointment, or Insert

Insert

You are counseling a patient on administering eye drops what do you need to tell them about the dropper

Do not touch it to the eye

If the patient is using multiple drops how much time between the drops

5-10 minutes

If they have a drop and an ointment to administer which would go 1st

drop

If the patient has contacts should they leave them in when using drops

Not always but sometimes they do say it is okay to leave them in

If the patient has contacts and is using an ointment should they level the contacts in

No

What position does head to be when delivering eye drops

Back

Where do you try to expose so the drop goes in

lower conjunctival sac

After you administer an eye drop how could you help retention

Press tear duct so it doesn't run into nose

Would the injection into the scleral increase or decrease duration of action of the drug

Increase

Do you think the drug concentrations would be higher or lower with the injections

Higher

What is a cyclodextrin

an adhesive

Pt comes in that has an injury to the eye and now they have Corneal edema, what would most commonly be used to treat this

5% ophthalmic solution

What effect does mucociliary clearance have on the resident time of nasally administered drugs

Decreases the concentration

Do nasal drugs have rapid onset of action or delayed onset of action

Rapid

When you administer an otic formulation what part of the ear are you treating

The external ear

What is the carbon monoxide peroxide in an ear formulation what is it there for

Ear wax removing agent

You are administering an eardrop to an adult What should they do with their ear

pull up and out

You are administering an ear drop to a child what should they do with their ear

Down