Classical and Operant Conditioning

Flash cards for exam study

Classical Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Conditioned Response (CR)

Acquisition

The establishment of a response through reinforcement.

Extinction

The gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a conditioned response. Occurs when a conditioned response is no longer present.

Spontaneous Recovery

Can occur once again to show the response in the absence of any reinforcenebt.

Stimulus Generalisation

Occurs when the correct response is made to another stimulus similar to the one present when the conditioned response was reinforced.

Stimulus Discrimination

Occurs when the correct response to a stimulus is reinforced, but does not respond to any other stimulus.

Ivan Pavlov’s Dog (1900s)

Watson and Rayner - Little Albert (1920)

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement

Punishment

The delivery of an unpleasent consequences following a response, or the removeal of a pleasent consequence following a respinse.

Positive Punishment

Decreases the likelihood of a response occurring again by giving an unpleasant stimulus.

Negative Punishment

Decrease the likelihood of a response occurring again by removing a pleasant stimulus.

Shaping

A procedure where a reinforcer is given for any response that leads to the final desired response or target behaviour.

Primary Reinfocors

Secondary Reinfoecers

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Partial Reinforcement Schedule

Extinction

Discriminative stimulus

Thorndike Puzzle Box (1898)

Thorndike Law of Effect

Skinner Box

Difference of Classical Condintioning from Operant

Difference of Opernet Condintioning from Classical

Applications of Operent Conditoning

Token Economics

A setting in which an individual receives tokens (reinforcer) for a desired behaviour that can be exchanged for other reinforcers in the form of real rewards.

Learned helplessness

Learners believe, through conditioning (association), that they do not have the power to change their circumstances or consequences, regardless of their response.

Two-Factor Learning

Fear and avoidance are learned through a combination of CC and OC.