Ch. 49 Animal Nervous System

pt. 1-2 (LAST CHAPTER YAYY)

white vs. grey matter

white matter→myelinated axons

grey matter→unmyelinated, mostly dendrites, & neuron cell bodies

what is Cerebral Spinal Fluid(CSF) & where is it made?

closely regulated & highly controlled ultrafiltrate of plasma

-made in choroid plexus

function of Cerebral Spinal fluid (CSF)

1) buoyancy

2) cushion

3) maintain environment for neurons & glia

4) lymphatic system of brain(microglia)

what is the blood brain barrier?

barrier that separates blood from BECF(brain extracellular fluid)

-prevents harmful substances from entering brain tissues

how does the blood brain barrier(BBB) prevent bad substances from entering brain tissue?

BBB has tight capillaries that don’t leak

90% of the cells in the CNS are what?

glia cells (there are more glia than neurons)

what types of glia are there?

1) ependymal cells→circulate CSF
2) microglia→protect CNS from pathogens

3) radial glia

4) astrocytes→physically support neurons

5) oligodendrocytes

6) Schwaan cells

the Peripheral Nervous System has which 2 nervous systems?

1) Somatic NS→voluntary movement

2) Autonomic NS→involuntary movement

3 divisions of the Autonomic NS?

1) Sympathetic NS

2) Parasympathetic NS

3) Enteric NS

Sympathetic NS

“fight or flight” response

arousal & energy

-eyes dilate, increased heart rate, less digestion

Parasympathetic NS

“rest & digest”

calming & self-maintenance function

-slower heart rate, more digestion

Enteric Divison

network of neurons in GI tract, pancreas, & gallbladder

-peristalsis

-secretion

corpus collosum

connects the 2 brain hemispheres to allow info to pass between them

reticular activating system (RAS)

filters & prioritizes sensory info to let mind be focused/ conscious

what hormone can affect reticular activating system?

melatonin

how does Reticular Activating System(RAS) impact sleep?

provides inhibitory influence (from external stimuli) by reducing afferent activity during sleep

what is the limbic system involved in?

motivation, emotion, learning, & memory

parts of the limbic system

1) amygdala hijack→emotion takes over b4 logic

2) hypothalamus

3) thalamus

4) hippocampus

Schizophrenia is caused by?

biochemical abnormalities & dysfunction of neurotransmitters in brain

50% of risk of developing schizophrenia is genetic. True or False?

TRUE

depression is influenced by & what can help treat it

influenced by genes & hormones

-changes in neurotransmitter function & mood stability can help treat it

2 types of addiction

1) substance→ex//opioid

2) process→gambling, gaming = increase in dopamine

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by?

death of neurons in brain→shrinkage of brain tissue

Parkinson’s disease is caused by?

death of neurons in midbrain that produce dopamine

-usually comes w/ age