Tubular transport - Acid/base 2

A __________ acid is on e that generates hydrogen ions after hydration.

Volatile

A decreased ECF pH will _________ the function of apical H+-K+ ATPase.

Stimulate

An increase in the _________ will lead to a decrease in ventilation.

Blood pH and PaO2

A decreased ECF pH will stimulate transcellular transport associated with ___________ cells.

Alpha intercalated

Modifications in ventilation to correct an acid-base imbalance will be limited by the arterial partial pressure of ___________.

Ventilation will not be altered to the point that this partial pressure becomes too ______.

Oxygen; low

Bicarbonate will _________ the pH of the blood/ECF.

Raise

A decreased ECF pH will __________ the function of apical Cl- -HCO3- antiporters.

Inhibit

Within minutes to hours (second line of defense), ___________________ can help counteract acid-base disturbances.

Modifications in ventilation

A decreased ECF pH will ___________ the function of basolateral Na+-3HCO3- symporters.

Stimulate

Increased production of ammonium will ___________ excretion of hydrogen ions and thus will help correct/prevent an _____________.

Increase, acidosis

A ________ is any substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution.

Base

An _______ is any substance that adds hydrogen ions to a solution.

Acid

Reabsorption of ________________ and secretion of _______________ will help prevent/correct an acidosis.

Bicarbonate, hydrogen ions

Within 2-4 hours (third line of defense), ______________________ can contribute to the response to an acid-base imbalance.

Intracellular buffers

The first line of defense against acid-base disorders is ___________.

Extracellular buffers

A _____________ acid is not directly derived from carbon dioxide hydration.

Nonvolatile

If the imbalance lasts for several hours to days (last line of defense), ___________________ can contribute to the acid-base response.

Modifications in renal excretion.

Phosphates will associate with and buffer hydrogen ions in the tubular lumen Therefore, a greater concentration of phosphates in the tubular lumen will lead to ___________ excretion of hydrogen ions.

Increased

A decrease in the _________________ will lead to an increase in ventilation.

Blood pH and PaO2

The normal pH of the extracellular fluid is _____.

7.4

A decreased ECF pH will __________ the function of basolateral Cl- - HCO2- antiporters.

Stimulate

A decrease in the __________ will lead to a decrease in ventilation.

PaCO2

Carbon dioxide will _________ the pH of the blood/ECF.

Lower

A _______ is a substance that minimizes pH changes of a solution

Buffer

A decreased ECF pH will __________ the function of apical Na+-H+ antiporters.

Stimulate

An increase in the ________ will lead to an increase in ventilation.

PaCO2

An acidosis occurs when the pH is ____________.

Below 7.35

Reabsorption of ________ and secretion of ___________ will help prevent/correct an alkalosis.

Hydrogen ions, bicarbonate

An alkalosis occurs when the pH is __________.

Above 7.45