Chapter 8 Medical Terminology

Components of the Female Reproductive System:

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina

Ovaries

female gonads, produce the oocytes and some reproductive hormones

Fallopian tubes

a "tunnel" for the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Uterus

Holds and nurtures the developing fetus

Cervix

widens to allow a baby to pass through during childbirth

Vagina

connects the cervix to the external environment; important for menstruation, intercourse, and birth

Gynecology

Medical specialty that treats diseases of female reproductive organs

Colposcopy

procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina

Hysteroscopy

procedure used to examine and treat the inside of the uterus

Laparoscopy

Surgical procedure used to examine and treat organs in the abdomen or pelvis using a camera-equipped tube called a laparoscope

Endometrial biopsies

check for cancer, evaluate fertility, diagnose abnormal bleeding

Papanicolaou smear

for detecting cervical cancer

Menorrhea

Heavy bleeding during menstruation

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

bloating, headaches, mood swings

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

cysts on ovaries that cause infertility

What is PCOS caused by?

hormonal disturbance

Ectopic pregnancy

fetus develops outside the uterus

Endometriosis

endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, diagnosed via laparoscopy

What can endometriosis lead to?

severe pain, scarring, infertility

-rrhea

flow or discharge

-rrhaphy

suturing

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Treatment with hormones when the body stops making enough,

usually in menopause

Hysterectomy

Removal of the uterus

Colpoplasty

Vaginal reconstruction or repair

Oophoropexy

Fixation of ovaries prone to twisting

Tubal Ligation

Blocking/severing of the fallopian tubes, also known as getting one's tubes tied

Salpingectomy

Removal of uterine tube(s)

Salpingostomy

Create a new opening into the uterine tube

Components of the Male Reproductive System

Testes, Epididymis, Scrotum, Vas deferens (sperm duct), Prostate, Penis, Foreskin, Glans penis

Testes

Spermatogenesis

Epididymis

Sperm maturation

Scrotum

Skin sac containing testes and epididymis

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

tube through which sperm flows to the urethra

Prostate

Contributes to semen and aids in ejaculation

Penis

intromittent organ, delivers sperm

Foreskin

AKA prepuce, skin fold that covers the peins

Glans penis

tip of the penis

Physical Assessment of the Male Reproductive System

Inspection of external genitalia

Palpation for inguinal hernias

Digital rectal examination (DRE) (A.K.A prostate exam) to assess prostate and rectrum

Common Lab Tests for the Male Reproductive System

Prostate-specific antigen test, prostate biopsy, sperm count

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Blood test for prostate cancer

Prostate biopsy

remove tissue from the prostate for testing for prostate cancer

Urology

branch of medicine specializing in the male and female urinary tract

Cryptorchidism

failure of one or both testes to descend into scrotum

Orchiopathy

any disease of the testes

Aspermia

absence of living sperm

4 common problem affecting the testes

Hydrocele, spermatocele, varicocele, testicular torsion

Hydrocele

fluid around testes

Spermatocele

abnormal mass on epididymis that contains sperm

Varicocele

abnormal dilated veins above the testes

Testicular torsion

painful twisting of the testes

Orchiectomy

Excision of a testis, often intervention for testicular cancer

Circumcision

surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

Vasectomy

Surgical cutting/sealing of the vas deferens; permanent method of male sterilization

Transurethral Resection Prostatectomy

a surgical procedure performed through the urethra to remove small pieces of an enlarged prostate

Gonads

ovaries and testes, produce gametes (ovum and spermatozoon)

Fertiliztion

union of gametes repoduces zygote

Reproduction steps

1. After ovulation, fimbriae take up an ovum from

the ovaries, and sperm enters the fallopian

tube

2. Fertilization in the fallopian tubes

3. Zygote formation and rapid cell division

4. Implantation of blastocyst into endometrium

5. Development of embryo

1. Amniotic fluid for protection

2. Placenta for nutrients and waste removal

3. Umbilical cord connects fetus to placenta

6. Growth, development, and birth

Obstetrics

a branch of medicine that deals with birth and pregnancy

Parturition

childbirth

Gravid

pregnant

gravida

number of pregnancies

para

number of pregnancies reaching viable gestational age

Amniorrhexis

rupture of the amnion (water breaking)

4 stages of labor

cervical dilation, expulsion, placental, postpartum

Cervical dilation

Enlargement of the uterine cervix during labor

Expulsion

Expulsion of the infant out of the uterus and down the birth canal

Placental

Expulsion of the placenta

Postpartum

The hour or two after delivery

Diagnostic tests during pregnancy

measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) tests for pregnancy

ultrasound/sonography

Lab Tests during pregnancy

Amniocentesis and Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) to screen for fetus abnormalities

Preeclampsia/eclampsia

acute high blood pressure in pregnant women, potentially

leading to seizing

Extrauterine/ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy outside of the usual place

Abruptio placentae

premature separation of placenta from uterine wall

Placenta previa

abnormal placental implantation in uterus covers the cervix

Stillbirth

death of a fetus before or during delivery

Dystocia

abnormal/difficult

oophor(o)

ovaries

ovari(o)

ovaries

salping(o)

fallopian tubes

hyster(o)

uterus

uter(o)

uterus

colp(o)

vagina

vagin(o)

vagina

cervic(o)

uterine cervix

volv(o)

vulva

men(o)

month

lapar(o)

abdominal wall

o(o)

egg, ovum

top(o)

place or position

metr(o)

uterine tissue (or measure)

-tropin

that which stimulates

-an

belonging or pertaining to

-ile

belonging or pertaining to

orirch(o)

testes

orchid(o)

testes

test(o)

testes

testicul(o)

testes

pen(o)

penis

prostat(o)

prostate

scrot(o)

scrotum