Chapter 1: The Genetics Revolution

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental genetics concepts, the central dogma, cell biology, and genetic analysis tools as presented in the lecture notes.

Genetics

The study of genes through their variation.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The framework for information transfer among biological molecules, involving DNA, RNA, and protein.

Replication

The process of DNA synthesis.

Transcription

The process of RNA synthesis.

Translation

The process of protein synthesis.

Prokaryotes

Organisms such as Archaea, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria that possess a single circular DNA molecule not enclosed in a membrane and lack cellular organelles.

Eukaryotes

Cells containing multiple linear DNA molecules enclosed in a nuclear membrane and various cytoplasmic organelles.

Nucleolus

The part of a cell responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and assembly.

Cytoplasmic organelles

Membrane-bound structures within eukaryotes, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and chloroplasts, some of which contain their own DNA.

Tools for Genetic Analysis

Methods used to hijack cellular machinery for DNA copying, cloning, sequencing, and the creation of transgenic organisms.

Gene

The basic unit of study in genetics, focused on its function, inheritance, regulation, change, and manipulation.