3 Big Guys

they bustin my thighs

Criminalistics

Analysis of physical evidence

Forensic anthropology

Analysis of bodily remains

Forensic entomology

Analysis of insects on dead bodies to determine time of death

Pharmacologist

Studies natural and synthetic chemicals

Carcinogens

Causes cancers

Toxicologist

Studies toxic effects of chemicals

Base principle of toxicology

Chemicals safe in small dosages become deadly in high dosages

Dose-response tests

Effects of drugs at different dosages for the relationship between dose and effect

Pharmacodynamics

Mechanisms that cause physiological and pathological changes

Pharmokinetics

How the chemical is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted

Drugs may enter the body by

Ingestion, inhalation, injection, skin application, suppository

Lipophilic chemials

Stored in fat cells, released into blood stream

Plasma protein chemicals

Released slowly into cells

Fluoride, lead, and strontium chemicals

Stored in bone

Xenobiotics

Chemicals foreign to the body

Chemical excretion by means of

Feces, sweat, saliva, breast milk, nails, and hair

Enterohepatic circulation

Process between liver, small intestine, and bile

A drug's half life

Time in which drug decreases by 50% in blood

Agonist drugs

Drugs that cause effects

Antagonist drugs

Drugs that block effects

Immediate cause of death

Body problem that caused death

Proximate cause of death

What led to the immediate cause of death

Manner of death

Homicide, suicide, natural, accident, undetermined

Myocardio infarction

Heart attack

Frye standard

New methods must be accepted by those in the field

Inculpatory evidence

Presence will include a person and incrminate

Exculpatory evidence

Presence will exclude a person and exonerate

Direct evidence

Information that establishes directly and requires no inference

Circumstantial evidence

Allows the acceptance of the fact but the need for inference

Associative evidence

Evidence that will link a person to a place (hair, blood, paint, bullets, fingerprints)

Locard's exchange principle

Every contact leaves a trace and a transfer of materials

Class-characteristic evidence

Doesn't reference a particular suspect

Individual-characteristic evidence

Associates particular individual with the commission of a crime

Biological evidence

Human tissue used for identification

Chemical evidence

Seized drugs, toxicological samples, explosives

Trace evidence

Suspect will leave and take something at the scene

Impression evidence

Footwear, tire imprints

Firearm and tool mark evidence

Type of impression, bullets, shells

Questioned documents

Handwriting analysis, alteration, obliteration, erasures,