Osteology Quiz 3

scapula and clavicle

what bones make up the shoulder girdle

humerus, ulna, radius

what bones make up the arm

acromial extremity

Clavicle, lateral end

sternal extremity

clavicle, medial end

acromial facet

clavicle, lateral end, meets with scapula

articular surface for manubrium

medial end, meets with sternum

conoid tubercle

inferior, lil bump towards acromial end

subclavian sulcus

clavicle, groove on inferior midshaft

superior border

scapula, top edge

superior angle

scapula, upper triangle point, closer to spine

medial border

scapula, longest, straightest, thinnest border

lateral border

scapula, brazil/lagos

inferior angle

scapula, argentina/south africa

acromion

scapula, juts out towards shoulder

clavicular facet

scapula, located on acromion, anteromedial corner

coracoid process

scapula, fingerlike projection behind acromion

scapular notch

scapula, below coranoid process

glenoid cavity

scapula, receives head of humerus

supraglenoid tubercle

scapula, top of glenoid fossa

infraglenoid tubercle

scapula, bottom of glenoid fossa

subscapular fossa

scapula, shallow concavity on inside

scapular spine

scapula, mountain that leads to acromion

supraspinous fossa

scapula, valley above scapular spine

infraspinous fossa

scapula, valley below scapular spine

humeral head

humerus, proximal, articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula

greater tubercle

humerus, larger bump on head, more lateral pointing

lesser tubercle

humerus, smaller bump on head

intertubercular groove

humerus, extends down shaft, begins between tubercles

humeral shaft

humerus, longest part of humerus

deltoid tuberosity

humerus, lateral, roughened surface

nutrient foramen (h)

humerus, dent/hole mid shaft

olecranon fossa

humerus, big hole on the bottom backside

coronoid fossa

humerus, smaller dent of the bottom front

radial fossa

humerus, much smaller dent away from curve, next to coronoid fossa

capitulum

humerus, round bump closer to radial fossa

trochlea

humerus, next bump over from capitulum

lateral epicondyle

humerus, noncurved edge bump

medial epicondyle

humerus, curved edge bump

olecranon

ulna, most proximal part, big and blunt

coronoid process

ulna, beak shaped, bottom of “C” of olecranon

trochlear notch

ulna, mid “C” of olecranon

ulnar tuberosity

ulna, dents below open mouth of “C” on shaft

radial notch

ulna, lil dent on edge of “C”

ulnar shaft

ulna, longest part of ulna

anterior border (u)

ulna, border formed by ulnar tuberosity

posterior border (u)

ulna, border in line with styloid process

interosseous border (u)

ulna, well defined spine/groove that starts near supinator crest and runs down shaft

nutrient foramen (u)

ulna, holes below ulnar tuberosity

supinator crest

ulna, groove to the side of radial notch

ulnar head

ulna, bottom of ulna with border

ulnar styloid process

ulna, lil pokey bit on the bottom, toward hands

articular circumference

ulna, rounded bottom on ulna

radial head

radius, round structure on proximal end

radial neck

radius, short segment between head and tuberosity

radial tuberosity

radius, bump on the edge

radial shaft

radius, longest portion of radius

interosseous border ®

radius, spine/groove that runs down shaft to ulnar notch

anterior border ®

radius, border in line with underside of radial tuberosity

posterior border ®

radius, border in line with dorsal tubercle

nutrient foramen ®

radius, hole on midshaft

ulnar notch

radius, small dent on distal end where ulna articulates

radial styloid process

radius, sharp projection on lateral side of distal radius

dorsal tubercle

radius, bump above styloid process

carpal articular surface

radius, bottom of distal end

taphonomy

study of everything that happens to an organism between their time of death and time of discovery

forensics, archaeology, paleoanthropology

applications of taphonomy

deposition, dispersion, and modification of human remains

taphonomy helps reconstructs circumstances around

forensic taphonomy

study of postmortem processes that affect the state of preservation and recovery of remains

postmortem interval estimation

what is forensic taphonomy useful for

abiotic and biotic

factors of taphonomy

abiotic factors

result in weathering

sun exposure, humidity, temperature

examples of abiotic factors

bioturbation, erosion, fluvial processes

movement of bones causes

staining and root etching

other types of earth weathering

insects, rodents, carnivores, vultures, crocodiles

examples of scavengers

equifinality

the creation of similar products by different processes

intentional (cremation) or unintentional

burning can be

mortuary behavior

adorning an individual’s remains is an example of