APUSH: Colonies: 11th

New England Colonies

Massachusetts (including Plymouth), Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

Plymouth

first settlement colony in New England; founded in 1620 by separatist Puritans, sought religious haven for themselves; tolerant of most other Christians (Mayflower Compact); engaged in farming, fishing, fur trade; proved that area called New England could be inhabited by English; eventually absorbed by MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY

Massachusetts

founded by Puritans in 1629/1630 (Salem); dissenters form the Church of England; Calvinist protestants; thought that Church of England was too similar to RC Church; said Pope was AntiChrist; thought only wat to get to heaven was through God’s grace, not through good works; RELIGION VERY IMPORTANT and influenced everything; “full” church members were convinced that they had received God’s salvation and that they were saved; COMMUNITY important; DISSENT NOT TOLERATED; FARMING COLONY; CHILDREN provided LABOR

Connecticut

split from Massachusetts; group of puritans that settled in families and communities; founded by Winthrop’s son, Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island

founded by Roger Williams; outcasts from Massachusetts; diverse; all welcome except for Catholics; Ann Hutchinson is one of the founders here

New Hampshire

split from Massachusetts; Mostly small farmers; commercial fishing; fur trade; rum distilling; merchant trading; ship building; royal colony founded in 1680; communities well north of Boston

Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey

New York

founded first by the Dutch (New Netherlands); diverse population in New York city seaport (New Amsterdam); VERY DIVERSE; large land estates up the Hudson river = paltroonships; grew WHEAT and other STAPLE CROPS (cereals)

Vermont

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York all claimed this region; never actually a colony, but first state after the 13 colonies

Pennsylvania

founded by William Penn; Quaker refuge; others welcome; many Germans, Scots-Irish Presbyterians (on frontier)

New Jersey

split off from Pennsylvania; located between Pennsylvania and New York; has Quakers and Anglicans

Delaware?

Farming, some commercial (wheat); merchant trade; tobacco trade; similar to Massachussetts

Chesapeake Colonies (South)

Virginia, Maryland, Delaware (?)

Maryland

founded by Catholics; either named after wife of King Charles or mother of Jesus; founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore by a prominent Catholic family; King Charles is a closet Catholic who gives them land; colony is a refuge for persecuted Catholics; developed ECONOMY SIMILAR TO VIRGINIA with tobacco, indentured servants, slaves; FAILED TO REINVENT FEUDALISM; toleration Act of 1649

Deep Southern Colonies

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

North Carolina

proprietary colony; separated form South Carolina in 1712; tobacco, naval stores

South Carolina

by mid-1700s population half slave; proprietary colony; rice emerged as the dominant crop

Carolina proprietors

hoped to provide food and supplies for West Indies

Georgia

first settled by debtors, 1730s; slavery not allowed until 1750s; Tobacco (North Carolina); lumber, naval stores (North Carolina, Georgia); rice and indigo (South Carolina)

Settlers in colonies

settlers of English background; Scots-Irish Presbyterians found in valleys of the Appalachian mountains in Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina; Dutch in New York; Germans in western Pennsylvania

Colonial slavery

Slaves in all colonies; heavily concentrated in the South; concentrated in urban areas (ports) in the North

Roanoke Island

“Lost Colony”; intended to be first permanent English settlement but was abandoned after 3 years; realized that they needed supplies so White went back for supplies; White was delayed on his return because of Spanish Armada; when he returned no one was there; likely absorbed into native tribe or taken back by Sir Francis Drake, etc.

Sir Francis Drake

given permission to steel stuff from Spanish from Elizabeth 1; pirate who gets to keep 50% of what he makes

Virginia Company of London (London Company)

joint stock company from King James 1; founded colonial Virginia in 1607; King James wanted part of the profit; King James also gave permission for land to Plymouth company and didn’t know they overlapped; had bible translated to English (KJV)

Colonial Virginia

founded during ROUGH TIME for colonies, needed help from NATIVES; ECONOMY based on TOBACCO trade; charter colony until 1620s when King revoked charter and made it a royal colony; HOUSE OF BURGESSES; class stratification-> INDENTURED servant weren’t wealthy; slavery

Jamestown

English colony that survived through rough time; had to beg for food from natives and burial site at Jamestown showed that survivors ate dead bodies; bad winter killed 90% colony with mostly starvation; in VIRGINIA; first PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT in Americas; FOUNDED 1607

Headright

anyone who paid their way to the colonies received a piece of land (during the first half of 1600s); masters also received land for their indentured servants (?)

Indentured servants

had contract with person who paid for their passage to the colonies; worked off debt to become free; when freed the slave got both halves of the contract so they wouldn’t be arrested as a runaway servant; they had little squares on them called indents that helped ensure that the halves actually go together

House of Burgesses

the Assembly, members are elected by wealthy land owners; Virginia; first representative body in what will become the US

Powhatan Confederacy

Pocahontas’s tribe; chief was Pocahontas’s father; Powhatan didn’t want war with John Smith and English; says that if the English do provoke the Powahatan they won’t know what hit them; Powhatan was manipulative in the “attempt” on Smith’s life which Pocahontas stopped

Church of England

created because Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife; stayed very similar to the RC Church except for divorce rule

Mayflower Compact

set of rules for self-governance by English settles who traveled to the colonies on the Mayflower; said that colonists would create one society and work together to help it; live according to the Christian faith (and be tolerant of most Christians); stay loyal to King James despite self governance

Puritans

English Protestants in 16th and 17th centuries that wanted to purify the Church of England from RC practices; believed in predestination

John Winthrop

first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and is governor on and off for about 20 years’ PURITAN; “city upon a hill”; preappointed governor before even landing in Massachusetts

General Court

governing body that made day to day laws for Massachusetts; all male church members at first, then turned into representatives

Roger Williams

founded Rhode Island; hired by Salem and well like bc of sermons; thought natives should get more money for land, shouldn’t be forcibly converted and have choice to go to hell; thought that church should stop granting status of full church membership

Thomas Hooker

son of John Winthrop, founded Connecticut

William Penn

founded Pennsylvania; was from influential family and king owned his father; asked for land south of Maryland to even this debt and said he’d invite quakers to live in the colony

All colonies had in common:

that they were under king of England and English law, all three branches of gov with checks and balances; each had governor and elected assembly of reps

charter colony

ex. Connecticut; governed by joint stock colonies; these colonies were government by written contracts between British King and American colonists, which said what share each was to have in the government; charter was only amended with consent of both parties

royal colony

ruled or administered by officials responsible to and appointed by the reigning sovereign of Great Britain; administered by royal governor and council appointed by British crown; had representative assembly that was elected by the people

proprietary colony

a colony granted to some individual or individuals who then had full governing rights; a proprietor was granted governmental powers over a tract of land and were run under a charter agreement

Toleration Act of 1649 (Maryland)

religious toleration for all Christians; passed bc Catholics outnumbered protestants

Where did the English settle?

All colonies

Where did the Puritans settle?

New England

Where did the Anglicans settle?

Everywhere except New England

Where did the Catholics settle?

Maryland

Where did the Quakers settle?

Pennsylvania

Where did the Dutch settle?

New York

Where did the Germanic peoples settle?

Pennsylvania

Where did the Scots-Irish people settle?

Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina

Where did the French settle?

Canada

Where did the Spanish settle?

Florida, Gulf Coast, Mexico

Where did the Africans “settle”?

Everywhere, came as slaves

Ex. of proprietary colonies

North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania,

Ex. of royal colonies

New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts after 1684

Ex. of charter colonies

Massachusetts until 1684, Rhode Island, Virginia