Chemistry (Term 2)

Atom

The smallest particle of a chemical element with protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Valency

The ability of an atom to bond based on gaining or losing electrons to fill its valence shell.

Element

Composed of many atoms, found on the Periodic Table.

Compound

A pure substance of elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio with distinct properties.

Alloy

A mixture of metallic elements creating a stronger material due to distorted atomic arrangements.

Mixture

Elements not chemically combined, can be in any proportion, separated by methods like filtration.

Composite

Materials formed by combining different substances to achieve desired properties.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different neutron numbers, affecting physical properties.

Ion

Atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.

Molecule

Atoms connected by covalent bonds, forming a distinct unit with specific properties.