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Adhesion

Abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery. Surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy

Celiac Disease

Malabsorption syndrome caused by immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the blood stream. Multi system disorder with varying symptoms of abdominal bloating and pain chronic diarrhea and constipation steatorrhea vomiting weight loss fatigue and anemia. A pruritic skin rash known as dermatitis herpetiformis may be associated with this. (Gluten enteropathy)

Cirrhosis

Chronic disease of the liver either gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue, commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis

Crohn disease

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon, characterized by cobble stone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction(regional ileitis or regional enteritis)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Abnormal backwards flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus

Hemochromatosis

Iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue, can cause heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis, or cancer of the liver

Hemorrhoids

Swollen or distended veins in the rectum or anus, which are called internal or external, and can be a source of recto bleeding and pain

Ileus

Non mechanical obstruction of the intestine, caused by lack of effective peristalsis

Intussusception

Telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Irritable bowel syndrome

Periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and constipation usually associated with abdominal pain

Obesity

Excess of body fat, which increase body weight, a condition in which bmi is greater that 30 kg/m2. Overweight is defined as bmi between 25 and 29.9. Morbid obesity is defined as bmi over 40

Peptic ulcer

Erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increase secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection or medications such s nonsteriodial anti inflammatory drugs

Polyp

Tumor-like growth extending outward from a mucous membrane usually benign common sites are in the nose throat and intestines

Ulcerative colitis

Disease characterized by inflammation of the old with the formation of ulcers which ca cause bloody diarrhea a proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy may become necessary if the patient doesn’t respond to medical therapy

Volvulus

Twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

Abdominoperineal resection

Removal of the distal colon, rectum, and a am sphincter through both abdominal and perineal approaches. Preformed to treat dime colorectal cancers and inflammatory diseases of the lower large intestine. The patient will have a colostomy

Anastomosis

Connection created by surgically joining two structures such as a blood vessels or bowel segments

Bariatric surgery

Surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity, s condition which can cause serious illness

Hemorrhoidectomy

Excision if hemorrhoids

Vagotomy

Cutting of certain branched if the vagus nerve, preformed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount if gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers

Abdominal sonography

Ultrasound scan if the abdominal cavity in which the size and structure of organs such as the aorta,liver,gall bladder , bile ducts, and pancreas can be visualized. Liver cysts, abscesses, tumors, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and pancreatic tumors may be detected. May also be used to evaluate the kidneys and the portion of the aorta extending through the abdominal cavity

Barium enema

Series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectuslky( lower GI series)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograohy

Procedure in which contrast media is introduced into the biliary and pancreatic ducts, used to evaluate obstructions, structures, stone diseases, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer

Endoscopic ultrasound

Procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of the esophageal and stomach linings, as well as the walks of the small and large intestines, used to detect tumors and cystic growths and for staging of malignant tumors

Upper GI series

Series of radiographic images taken if the pharynx, espogaus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered oraly(upper gastrointestinal series)

Fecal occult blood test

Test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Refers to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing or by microscope

H. Pylori antibodies test

Blood test to determine the presence of bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for this are also performed on biopsy and by breath test

Ascites

Abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Diarrhea

Frequent discharge of liquid stool

Dysentery

Disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with abdominal pain and diarrhea that is often bloody

Emesis

Expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth( vomitting)/

Feces

Waste from the gastrointestinal tract expelled through the rectum( stool or fecal matter)

Flatus

Gas in the gastrointestinal tract or expelled through the anus

Gastric lavage

Washing out the stomach

Gavage

Process if feeding a person through a tube

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood

Hematochezia

Passage of visibly bloody feces

Malabsorption

Impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients

Melena

Black, tarry stool that contains digested blood, usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract

Nausea

Urge to vomit

Palate

To examine by hand, to feel

Peristalsis

Involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract

Reflux

Abnormal backwards flow. In esophageal reflux the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus

Stoma

Surgical opening between an organ and the surface if the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation, may also refer to an opening created between body structures or between portions of the intestines