APUSH Period 2 (1607 - 1754)

Indentured servants

People who voluntarily surrendered their freedom for a specified time in exchange for passage to America —> usually about 5-7 years

Jamestown, VA

On April 26th 1608, colonists established Jamestown as the capital of Virginia

Virginia Company

Sponsered the voyage to Jamestown (to Virginia)

John Smith

One of the colony’s first leaders, imposed a regime of forced labor

Said “He that will not work, shall not eat”

Headright system

A land-grant policy that promised 50 acres to any colonist who could afford passage to Virginia, as well as 50 more for any accompanying servants. It was introduced by the Virginia Company.

House of Burgesses

The 1st elected assembly in colial America established in 1619 in Virginia, however only free men could vote

Powhatan

Wahunsonacock, referred to usually as Powhatan. John Smith was captured and threatened with execution by him. Smith was rescused by Pocahontas. T

Tobacco

Crop from the West Indies, introduced by John Rolfe (who Pocahontas married). The local elite grew in wealth because of it, King James I considered it harmful. However, many europeans enjoyed it and became addicted to it. P

Plantation slavery

In the Americas, this is where slavery was based. It was more demanding and had a higher death rate compared to other types.

West Indies

Where tobacco is from

Sugar

First crop to be mass marketed to consumers in Europe

Maryland

The second Chesapeake Colony, established in 1632 as proprietary colony, seems better than Virginia

Puritans/Congregationalists

English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Wintrop in 1630. They shared some believes of the Church like hatred of Catholicism and pride in England as a champion of liberty. They urged people to read the Bible on their own.

Anglican/Church of England

Puritans believed they had too many elements of Catholicism, dismessed and censored Puritan ministers and their writing, Puritanism was to abandon the Church of England

Predestination

An idea believed by the Puritans

King Philip’s War

A multi-year conflict that began in 1675 between the English and a native alliance led by Wamapnoags King Philip and Weetamoo. This caused broadened freedoms(expanding their access to land) for white New Englanders and dispossesion of the Wampanoags and other Indians.

Mercantilism

Exploiting the colonies in order to gain wealth

Navigation Acts

Law passed by English parliament to control colonial trade and bolster the mercantile system, 1651-1775; enforcement of the act led to growing resentment by colonists. The first one was passed in 1651. There was a rise in New England’s shipbuilding industry.

New Netherland

Seized during Anglo-Dutch War between 1664 and 1674.

New York

Charles II awarded New Netherland to his younger brother James (duke of York), giving him power to govern. English rule gave more freedom to some and less freedom to others. They would respect religious and ethnic beliefs but did not apply to women’s rights. They also increased slave trade and expelled free Blacks from many skilled jobs.

Iroquois/Haudenosaunee League

English rule strengthened their position. 6 nations of Haudenosaunee + New York joined to fight Native rivals. They adopted a policy of neutrality with the European empires. They got profit from fur trade.

Pennslyvannia

Last English colony to be established in the 17th century. It was established in 1681 by William Penn.

Quakers

Also known as the Society of Friends. They were a religious group in England and America whose members believed all persons possessed the “inner light” or spirit of God; they were early proponents of abolition of slavery and equal rights of women.

William Penn

The propreitor for Pennslyvania, devout member of the Quakers. He envisioned a place with spiritual freedom, colonists+native Americans could coexist. He was concerned with establishing a refuge for his coreligionists(they were facing persecution in England). Hoped that Pennsylvania would be governed according to Quaker principles

Bacon’s rebellion

Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against British Governor of Virginia William Berkeley’s administration. Berkeley ran a corrupt regime in an alliance with the colony’s wealthiest tobacco planters for 30 years.

Slave codes

Slaves were property, subjects to the will of their enslavers

• Enacted by the House of Burgesses in 1705

English Bill of Rights

A series of laws enacted in 1689 that inscribed the rights of English men into law and enumerated parliamentary powers such as taxation.

What are some English rights(part of common law and bill of rights)?

• Local governments for town and county

• Trial by jury of peers

• Warrants for search and seizure

• Representation in Parliament(House of Lords and House of Commons)

• Taxation only with consent of Parliament

• No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishments

• Freedom of speech in Parliament

• Freedom of worship to all Protestants

Triangle trade

Raw materials, Manufactured goods and African slaves

c

Common Law

Right to a trial by jury of peers, etc. Basically, rights in general

Glorious Revolution

Parliament got rid of a Catholic King, William and Mary became monarchs in 1688

What was a good that was traded in New Hampshire

LumberWh

What was a good that was traded in Massachusetts?

Rum

Good that was traded in CT?

Whaling byproducts(oil)

Good that was traded in NY?

Furs

Good that was traded in PA?

Grains

Good that was traded in VA?

Tobacco

Good that was traded in SC?

IndigoCha

Chattel Slavery

a system where one person has total ownership of another as personal property, with the legal right to buy, sell, trade, and inherit them

1st Navigation Act

Imports must be on English Ships with majority english crew

2nd Navigation Act

“Enumerated” goods.(Tobacco, sugar, indigo, etc). Can only be exported within empire + imports and exports on English ships, ¾ English crews

3rd Navigation Act

Imports from Europe must be tarriffed in England

“Writs of Assistance”

General search warrant, can check any ship or warehouse without probable cause

Admiralty courts

Allowed customs officals to try accused smugglers outside of their colony (outside of their peers)

Bounties

Basically subsidies, for production of things like indigo, hemp, naval goods

Republicanism

John Locke

Colonial assemblies

Salutory neglect

Colonial press

E

Enlightenment

Benjamin Franklin

Deism

Great Awakening

Impacts of the Great Awakening

Things that are considered part of the Enlightenment

Atlantic Slave Trade

Things that are considered the Great Awakening

Triangle trade

Middle Passage

Stono Rebellion