Bio sem 1 historyy 😍😍

Aristotle, 384–322 BC

Father of Biology

Used empirical methods to study

natural history

Identified the known living

characteristics

E.g. reproduction

Claudius Galenus, 130

Performed dissection on Barbary

macaques, pigs, sheep, and goats

He distinguished;

• Seven pairs of cranial nerves

• Valves of the heart

• Structural differences for veins

and arteries

His accomplishments;

• Discover arteries carrying blood not air

• Tying off the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN),

showing brain controlling the voice

• Tying off the ureters, demonstrating kidney

and bladder functions

Ibn Sina, 102

He stated;

• Phthisis/Tuberculosis was contagious

• Diabetes symptoms

• Descriptions of the central and peripheral

facial paralysis (Bell’s Palsy)

Hisaccomplishments;

• Firstto describe carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH)

• Firstperson correct explanation bedside technique of pulsation

• Described several psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, bipolar,

PTSD,schizophrenia)

Published medical book;

“The Canon of Medicine”

(Al-Qanun fi al-tibb)

“Book of the Cure”

(Kitab al-shifa)

Andreas Vesalius, 1543

Performeddissectionon cadavers He

demonstrated;

• Muscle and bone structure, alsootherfeatures of

human anatomy

Correction forGalen’s claimed;

1. Thehuman breastbone are inthreesegments insteadof

seven

2. Thehumerus (theupperarmbone)was the longest bone inthe

body, butthe truthare the femur,tibia and fibulaofthe shin

pushed thehumerus tofourth

Hisaccomplishments;

• Produced anatomical charts of the blood and

nervous systemasa reference aid

Published medical book;

“TheSevenBooks on the Structure ofthe Human

Body”(DeHumaniCorporisFabrica)

Robert Hooke, 1665

English physicist

He discovered;

• Firstused the term "cell" to name

the microscopic honeycomb

cavities in cork; protective water-

resistant tissue in the outer

covering of stems ortrunks

• Illustrationsof the crystal

structure of snowflakes(hexagonal crystalline)

Hisaccomplishments;

• BuiltGregorian reflecting telescope (supplying an upright images)

and invent modern microscope

Published book;

“Small Drawings” (Micrographia)

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, 1675

Dutch Microscopist

He discovered;

• Bacteria and isolating ‘animalcules’ from different

sources; rainwater, pond, human mouth, and intestine

Hisaccomplishments;

• Firstto observe protozoa and bacteria

• Firstto describe the spermatozoa from insects,

dogs, rabbits and man

Sperm from rabbits (1-4)

and dogs (5-8), drawn by

draughtsman of Antonie

van Leeuwenhoek in 1677

Carolus Linnaeus,1700

Father of Taxonomy

He;

• Systematized the plant and animal kingdoms

• Classified the mineral kingdoms

His accomplishments;

• Firstto frame principles for defining natural genera

and species of organisms

• Well-known example of two-part system (Binomial nomwnclature)

Published book Systema Naturae

Gregor Mendel, 1865

Father of Genetics

He discovered;

• The basic principles of heredity; the

ability for pea plants to pass traits

His accomplishments;

• Firstperson to lay

mathematical

foundation in Science

• Mendel’s law of

Inheritance

Louis Pasteur, 1854

Father of Microbiologist

He discovered;

• Microorganisms cause

fermentation; applied to

wine and beer industry

• Germ theory, the theory of

zoonotic diseases; chicken

cholera

Hisaccomplishments;

• Originated the process of

pasteurization

• Develop vaccines against

anthrax (sepsis

complications) and rabies

(affecting central nervous

system)

Charles Darwin, 1859

Pioneered the evolutionary

theory by natural selection

He discovered;

A species are more likely to

survive in their environment and

pass on their genes to the next

generation

Published book;

“On the Origin of the Specie

Alfred Russel Wallace, 1858

Co-founder of evolutionary theory by

natural selection

Father of biogeographic

Wallace Line; invisible

biogeographic boundary that

separates the fauna of Asia and

Australia

Published book;

“The Malay Archipelago”

James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953

Thediscoveryofthe double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)