Energy Systems and Exercise Physiology Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering energy systems (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid, Aerobic), glycolysis, EPOC, and physiological adaptations to exercise.

When discussing energy in biological systems, what terminology should be used instead of 'made', 'created', or 'used up'?

Energy is 'released' or 'transferred'.

What determines which energy system is predominant during physical movement?

The intensity and duration of the activity being undertaken.

What is the definition of Glycolysis?

The breakdown of glucose.

How many molecules of ATP are produced by the breakdown of glucose and glycogen respectively in anaerobic glycolysis?

Glucose produces $2$ molecules of ATP, and glycogen produces $3$ molecules of ATP.

What is the typical duration of the lactate energy system for maximal work?

Up to $60-90$ seconds.

Where does the body store glucose when it is not immediately needed for energy?

In the liver and muscles as glycogen.

Which enzymes speed up the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid?

LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) and PFK (Phosphofructokinase).

What happens to pyruvate when no oxygen is available during high-intensity exercise?

It is converted into lactate.

What energy system is predominantly used during a 100-meter sprint lasting $3-10$ seconds?

ATP+PC system.

What energy system supplies energy for activities lasting over 4 minutes, such as marathon running?

Aerobic system using muscle glycogen and fatty acids.

What does the 'oxygen deficit' represent on an exercise graph?

The difference between the 'perfect scenario' of supplying $100\%$ oxygen immediately and the reality of the body's gradual oxygen uptake.

What does EPOC stand for?

Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption.

In the context of EPOC, what is the role of myoglobin?

It is a protein that stores oxygen in the muscle.

What is the difference between fast and slow replenishment during EPOC?

Fast replenishment repays the oxygen debt created by the ATP-PC system, while slow replenishment repays oxygen required to handle negative by-products of the lactate system.

In the presence of oxygen, what is pyruvate broken down into?

Acetyl CoA.

What is the ATP yield of the aerobic system compared to the lactate system?

The aerobic system has a higher yield of $34$ ATP.

How does aerobic training improve the use of fats as an energy source?

The body becomes more effective at burning fat for energy, leading to better aerobic performance.

What condition is characterized by the body being unable to allow glucose to enter cells due to issues with insulin?

Type 1 diabetes.

What are the symptoms of Hypoglycaemia?

Hungry, trembling, sweating, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Why is the build-up of lactic acid more difficult for children to manage than adults?

Their cardiovascular systems are still growing and developing, making it harder to remove waste products.