IB History - Authoritarian State of Maoist China

Warlordism

1912, China was segmented and controlled by warlords

May Fourth Movement

1919, Versailles caused nationalist outrage

Formation of the CCP

1921, in Shanghai

The Long March

1934, showed communist endurance despite military disaster

Sino-Japanese War

1937-45, CCP’s battles encouraged peasants to like them

Nationalist Weakness

Inflation, Military defeats, corruption

Chinese Civil War

1945-49, CCP defeated the Nationalists

PRC

1949, Mao proclaimed the People’s Republic of China

Jonathan Spence

Long-term weakness of warlordism caused communist appeal

Maurice Meisner

Maoism succeeded because of peasant target audience, symnpathy for revolutionary aims

Agrarian Reform Law

1950, redistributed land from landlords to peasants

Three Anti Campaign

1951-2, targeted politicians

Five Anti Campaign

1951-2, targeted business - the bourgeoises

Korean War

1950-1953, China’s intervention promoted nationalism

Mass Line

Learn from the masses and then guide them

The Red Book

Mao’s quotation book

Hundred Flowers Campaign

1956, Campaign to find out ‘issues’ with the Maoist ideology

Anti-Rightist Campaign

1957–1959, Critics from the Hundred Flowers Campaign got purged

Great Leap Forward

1958-62, Unrealistic production targets leading to famine

Cultural Revolution

1966-76, attacking the four olds

Frank Dikotter

The role of coercion and massive suffering

Red Guards

Cultural Revolution, youth attacked teachers and the four olds

First Five-Year Plan

1953-57, Soviet style industrilization

Communes

Cooperative farms - collectivization

Backyard furnaces

Unsuccessful attempt to boost iron production

Marriage Law

1950, banned arranged marriage and supported divorce

Women’s Slogan

“Women hold up half the sky”

Double Burden

Worked in communes, but still had to take care of traditional duties

Elisabeth Croll

Emphasized both progress and limits of gender policy

Tibetans

from 1950 to 1965, the CCP attacked Tibetan institutions during the Cultural Revolution, aiming to suppress their cultural identy.identity

Autonomous Regions

CCP set up regions for the Tibets, Mongolians and other minority nationalities but remained in political power there.

Sino-Soviet Split

Late 1950s - 1960s