Chapter 1 - History of RX

Apothecary

Latin term for pharmacist or early practice of pharmacy

Ancient Humans

Used water, leaves dirt, mud for first soothing remedies, trial and error

Ancient Mesopotamia

Babylon, cradle of civilization, earliest known record of apothecary practice

Healers

Priest, pharmacists, and physicians all in one (around 2600 BCE)

Pen T-Sao 2000 BCE

native herbal recording of 365 drugs, Emperor Shen Nung

Shen Nung

Father of Chinese medicine, tasted herbs and died of an overdose.

Echelons

Gathers and preparers of drugs in ancient Egypt

Chiefs of Fabrication

Head pharmacist

Papyrus Ebers 1500 BCE

800 prescriptions 700 drugs, ancient Egypt

Charaka Samhita

2,000 drugs, ancient India

Terra Sigilata

first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark meaning sealed earth

Theophrastus

Greek philosopher, Father of Botany

Hippocrates

Greek scientist, founder of medicine

Corpus Hippocraticum

Illnesses are not magical, more scientific

Humors

blood joy, phlegm lethargic, black bile angry, yellow bile irritable

Mithridates VI

Father of toxicology, “universal antidote”

De Materia Medica, Pedanios Dioscorides

encyclopedia of remedies from plants or roots, the first book to organize meds by action

Galen

Practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in rome, 130-200 CE

First Apothecaries

Established by Arabs in the late eighteenth century, separated the arts of the apothecary and physician

Frederick II of Hohenstaufen

separated pharmacists responsibilities from medical practitioners

Pharmacopoeia

a book containing a list of drug products used in medicine, first made in Florence, Italy

First organization of pharmacists

King James I granted the Master, wardens, and society of art and mystery of the apothecaries of the city of london

Elizabeth Marshall

First American female pharmacist

America's First Hospital

founded by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia in 1751

Jonathan Roberts

The first hospital pharmacist in america

John Morgan

Advocated for separation of pharmacy and physician practices

Andrew Craigie

First pharmaceutical officer in the American army

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy

Americas first educational institution for pharmacy

American Pharmaceutical Association

Founded in 1853 to provide for more uniform standards of education.

William Procter

Father of American pharmacy

Gregor Mendal

Australian priest, Father of Genetics

American Council on Pharmaceutical Education

Responsible for accreditation

The Traditional Era

20th century, pharmacists formulating and dispensing drugs

The Scientific Era

Marked by new drugs, testing, regulations, and mass production of drugs/antibiotics

The Clinical Era

Required drug info, warnings, advice, and suggestions

The Pharmaceutical Care Era

The combination of three eras into 21st century