Mutation

Mutation

Change in the structure or amount of DNA

Gene mutation

Change in the sequence of bases in the gene

Chromosome mutation

Change in the structure or number of chromosomes

Mutagens

Agents that increase the natural mutation rate

Examples of mutagens

Ionising radiation, chemicals in tobacco

Significance of mutation

Allows new genotypes and phenotypes to enter a species, important in the process of evolution

What is sickle cell anaemia

Inherited blood disorder

What is sickle cell anaemia caused by

A mutation in one base of the haemoglobin gene making the gene recessive

What does sickle cell produce

Insoluble form of haemoglobin

How does sickle cell affect red blood cells

Red blood cells become sick shaped as red blood cells breakdown and clump together it results in severe anaemia, fatigue, damage to brain and heart

What is the treatment for sickle cell

Blood transfusion ( temporary ), research on bone marrow transplant ( permanent )

What are other diseases caused by gene mutation

Cystic fibrosis ( thick mucus forms in lungs ), haemophilia ( inability of blood to clot )