AP Human Geo Unit 4

What was the primary goal of the United Nations when it was created after World War II?

To maintain international peace.

How many member states did the United Nations start with, and how many does it have now in 2024?

Started with 49 member states, now has 193.

What is a sovereign state?

An organized political unit with control over its domestic and foreign affairs.

What is self-determination in the context of nations?

The desire of a group to determine their own country's governance and borders.

Give an example of a semi-autonomous region in the United States.

Native American Reservations.

What is a microstate?

A very small sovereign state, such as Monaco.

Which state is the most populous that is not recognized by the UN?

Taiwan.

In what year did the United States recognize Taiwan as an independent country?

What is the significance of Western Sahara in the context of territorial claims?

Both Morocco and Mauritania claim it, leading to a postponed referendum protected by the UN.

What international issues arise from melting Arctic ice?

Access to new resources and territorial claims, particularly by Russia.

What was the primary goal of the Soviet Union post Russian Revolution?

To promote communism.

What does the term devolution refer to in governance?

The transfer of power to a lower level of government.

What is ethnonationalism?

The division of a nation based on ethnicity.

Name a challenge faced by stateless nations.

They lack a recognized territory to call their own, such as the Kurds.

How do imperialism and colonialism differ?

Imperialism involves cultural and economic control, while colonialism involves political control.

What are superimposed boundaries?

Political boundaries that ignore the cultural groups living in the area, often leading to conflict.

What is an example of a relic boundary?

The Great Wall of China or the Berlin Wall.

What is the definition of enclaves and provide an example.

A smaller homogeneous group living within a larger area, like Mandarin Chinese in Quebec.

What does the Rimland Theory suggest?

Controlling the edges of Europe and Asia allows control over the world.

What type of boundary is usually drawn using cultural differences?

Consequent boundaries.

What is EU membership seen as in terms of autonomy?

It requires member states to give up some degree of autonomy to join a larger organization.

Explain the Eurozone Crisis.

It involved member countries' economies, particularly Greece's, risking bankruptcy and leading to strict economic requirements.

What was the Arab Spring?

A series of protests across North African countries aimed at changing their governments.

What characterizes state-sponsored terrorism?

When a government directly or indirectly supports terrorist activities.

Give an example of a fragment state and explain.

Indonesia, which consists of several disconnected islands.

What does the term 'buffer state' mean?

A neutral country that separates conflicting countries.

How do centrifugal forces affect a state?

They cause division within a state, often through differences in religion, language, or socio-economic status.