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mICROBIO
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1
What do microorganisms require nutrients for?
Cellular component synthesis and energy production.
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2
What are the five classifications of growth requirements for microorganisms?
Physical requirements, chemical requirements, medium types, growth factors, and isolation methods.
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3
What is the optimum temperature range for mesophiles?
Optimum 25-40°C, with pathogenic bacteria growing best at 37°C.
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4
Psychrophiles grow at temperatures of __________.
0°C, with an optimum of 15°C.
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5
What is plasmolysis in terms of microbial growth?
It occurs when high osmotic pressure causes microbes to lose water.
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6
Define autotrophs.
Organisms that use CO2 as their carbon source.
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7
What type of media supports fastidious microbes?
Enrichment media.
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8
What phase of the microbial growth curve involves adaptation to a new environment?
Lag phase.
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9
Define selective media.
Media that encourages certain microorganisms while inhibiting others.
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10
What method is used for isolating pure cultures?
Streak plate method.
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11
What do heterotrophs utilize as their carbon source?
Organic compounds.
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12
What is the role of nitrogen in microbial nutrition?
It is needed for amino acids and nucleic acids.
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13
What characterizes the log phase of microbial growth?
Rapid, optimal growth where generation time varies.
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14
What is the importance of trace elements in microbial growth?
They are needed for enzyme synthesis, such as iron and zinc.
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15
What happens during the decline phase of the growth curve?
Rapid cell death occurs.
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16
What is the chemical requirement that makes up 80-90% of microbial cellular structure?
Water.
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17
What type of culture contains a single organism?
Pure culture.
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18
What do aerobic bacteria require to grow?
Oxygen.
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19
What type of media distinguishes between different bacterial species based on characteristics?
Differential media.
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